[Late-onset schizophrenia].

Objective: To verify clinical observations by the epidemiological method.

Material And Methods: The data of the full investigation of 1781 schizophrenia cases, including 403 patients in the age of 60 and older were used.

Results And Conclusion: A number of characteristics inherent for this group were fully consistent with clinical observations.

[Schizophrenia: age at disease onset].

Objective: Until now the problem of the typical age of schizophrenia onset has been actively discussing in the world literature. Though there are more and more publications, which mention the growth in the number of cases with late-onset and very-late-onset of the disease, a conviction that schizophrenia is the illness of teenagers or young people is still exists. Author aimed to determine a preferable age of the onset of schizophrenia.

[Pantogam in daily psychiatric practice].

Pantogam was used as a corrector of the side-effects of neuroleptic therapy. The adverse effects were assessed psychometrically with several scales. Attention was focused on the unwanted signs (pathological movements of different groups of muscles).

[The results of questionnaire survey in the patients with affective disorders (European study)].

The project "Bipolar Educative Awareness Material (BEAM) included a questioning of 1732 patients with affective disorders from 11 European countries. In the present study, the results obtained in Russia are compared to total ones. Russian patients are featured by higher percentage of women and elderly as well as higher education level.

[Contemporary system of mental health care: epidemiologic aspects].

The authors suppose that adequate mental health care management should be based on the knowledge about the number of its potential patients. In order to determine this number the authors formulated a hypothesis that the necessary period of the observation of patients depends on the course of the disease and on the risk of the relapse. From the authors' point of view all mental disorders comprise 3 groups.

[Main trends in the demographic development in Russia and dynamics of the rate of patients with schizophrenia].

The authors analyze both the demographic situation in Russia during the past years and its perspective. A number of patients with paranoid schizophrenia and with schizophrenia on the whole (all forms of disease) was estimated for the period of the coming 15 years (till 2011 yr.).

[The patients of the psychiatric office of a polyclinic: patients undetected by the clinic or a new contingent?].

Epidemiology study of patients in primary care settings has shown prevalence of borderline mental disorders (41.58 per 1000 population) in comparison with patients of psychiatric outpatient clinic (11.4 per 1000).

[The economic aspects of the activities of a mental health service].

Integral economic loss of the society, connected with mental disease, were calculated by the author and presented. The author determined "direct" and "connected" state costs for psychiatric patients, and the volume of non produced national income (indirect costs) because psychiatric patients with temporal or constant disability are excluded from producing process. Financial state of psychiatric hospitals in Moscow was analysed and reserves for improvement of money spending were found out.

[The socioeconomic problems of a mental health service].

The state and prospects of the development of mental health service are discussed. Special attention is drawn to the economic aspects of mental health service and financial problems, in particular. The principles of creation and utilization of financial resources for psychiatric facilities in conditions of medical insurance are given.

[The problem of representiveness in epidemiological research in psychiatry].

A group of schizophrenic patients registered by the city psychoneurological center (Petrozavodsk) is compared to a standard sample. It is shown that there is a possibility of defining to what extent the test group differs from the representative one and by what the differences are determined. In accordance with this, the limits of the use of the research data are outlined.

[Favorable outcome of recurrent schizophrenia].

The work was performed on a material of a non-randomized group of patients with attack-like schizophrenia registered (January 1976) at the psychoneurological dispensary of one of the districts of Moscow. Using the method of a clinico-epidemiological catamnesis as well as a definite method of determining the arrest of the process of attack formation in a group of patients, 641 patients could be distinguished. The condition of those patients was qualified as "outcome", "++post-morbid".

[Prospects of elaborating the scientific basis for organizing the psychiatric services].

It is evident that the setting up of efficient psychiatric services today is not feasible without elaborating serious theoretical concepts. In the authors' opinion, the method which would make it possible to rapidly design the system of psychiatric services for any region on the basis of the data on its geography, population and resources rather than concrete universal services is to be the final product of the theory of psychiatric services. To design such a method, it is necessary to explore a number of important problems of the epidemiological and ++medico-demographic character.

[Dynamics of the epidemiological characteristics of registered contingents of schizophrenia patients].

Different populations of schizophrenic patients under this study were registered by three of the Moscow city outpatient psychiatric departments in 1967, 1975 and 1981. These populations' epidemiologic characteristics compared, the following could be concluded: (1) the specific quantity of patients with psychotic disorders diminished, (2) the percentage of aged patients diminished, (3) the mean observation term reduced. Some other characteristics of the tendency to worsen the medical assistance to psychiatric patients were demonstrated.

[Epidemiologic aspect of the problem of the disability of schizophrenic patients (incidence, chronogenic dynamics, risk factors)].

Epidemiological aspects of disability have been studied in a random sample of schizophrenics living in three Moscow districts. It has been found that 39.4% of schizophrenic patients (44.

[Population patterns in the development and course of endogenous psychoses as a reflection of their pathogenesis].

An analysis of a representative epidemiological sample of patients with endogenic psychoses (schizophrenia and MDP) revealed statistical distribution of some parameters of the disease (risk of the development of the disease in relation to age, a number of previous attacks, as well as distribution of patients by the duration of paroxysms and remissions). The authors believe that a collation of the tabulated data with the known mathematical models makes it possible to come to understanding some aspects of the pathogenesis of endogenic psychoses.

[Various statistical patterns in the course of malignant schizophrenia].

A statistical study of process schizophrenia (101 cases with the completed process selected from 1198 observations in six psychiatric institutions) has made it possible to establish that the process has the constant rate of progression throughout the active course of the disease up to the development of the residual state without productive disorders. The quantitative expression of the rate of progression is reflected in the fact that the proportion of patients in whom the given clinical stage of the disease course comes to the end constitutes some 30% annually.

[Incidence of paranoid schizophrenia].

The incidence of paranoid schizophrenia (the number of new cases per year) was examined in a population. The figure was found to be 0.17 per 10,000 of the population, being greatly dependent on the age and sex structure of the population examined.

[Results of a clinico-statistical study of the course of unremitting paranoid schizophrenia].

Statistical regularities characterizing the temporal distribution of the transitions of continuous paranoid schizophrenia from from stage to stage were studied on a random epidemiological material. It has been shown that the mechanism responsible for those transitions has, in principle, a probability nature, and the distribution as such can be described by a sole parameter which is a value expressing the probability of the disease transition to the next stage within a time unit. It has been also shown that this parameter can serve as a measure of the disease progress.

[Prevalence and chief variants of the course of schizophrenia with a predominance of delusional and hallucinatory-delusional disorders throughout the course of the disease (clinico-epidemiologic study)].

A nonselective group of 971 schizophrenic patients was studied. The development of the disease in these patients was characterized by the prevalence of hallucinative disorders during the whole duration of the disease. This group totalled 19.