Cardiovascular safety of dihydroergotamine mesylate delivered by precision olfactory delivery (INP104) for the acute treatment of migraine.

Objective: To report the cardiovascular (CV) safety of dihydroergotamine mesylate (DHE) administered by precision olfactory delivery (INP104) from two clinical trials.

Background: Although the absolute risk is low, migraine is associated with an increased risk of CV events. DHE is a highly effective acute treatment for migraine, but due to its theoretical risk of promoting arterial vasoconstriction, DHE is contraindicated in patients with CV disease or an unfavorable risk factor profile.

Headache due to Vascular Disorders.

Headache and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) are inextricably linked. Although in some cases headache complicating CVD may be little more than a symptomatic afterthought, in other cases, early recognition of headache's role in the CVD process is critical to effective management. In other words, headaches secondary to CVD span a spectrum, and in this article, we will review that spectrum.

Self-Relevance Moderates the Relationship between Depressive Symptoms and Corrugator Activity during the Imagination of Personal Episodic Events.

Accumulating evidence suggests depression is associated with blunted reactivity to positive and negative stimuli, known as emotion context insensitivity (ECI). However, ECI is not consistently observed in the literature, suggesting moderators that influence its presence. We propose self-relevance as one such moderator, with ECI most apparent when self-relevance is low.

Diagnostic accuracy of an artificial intelligence online engine in migraine: A multi-center study.

Objective: This study assesses the concordance in migraine diagnosis between an online, self-administered, Computer-based, Diagnostic Engine (CDE) and semi-structured interview (SSI) by a headache specialist, both using International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (ICHD-3) criteria.

Background: Delay in accurate diagnosis is a major barrier to headache care. Accurate computer-based algorithms may help reduce the need for SSI-based encounters to arrive at correct ICHD-3 diagnosis.

Safety and tolerability of preventive treatment options for chronic migraine.

Relative to migraine generally, chronic migraine (CM) imposes greater disability, healthcare utilization and socioeconomic burden. Six therapies currently possess a credible evidence base for prevention/suppression of CM. This review is intended to provide an assessment of their relative utility, defined as a blend of safety, tolerability and efficacy, focusing in particular on their safety and tolerability.

Headache secondary to cerebrovascular disease.

Objectives: To discuss headache secondary to cerebrovascular disease.

Background: Headache is an important symptom in cerebrovascular diseases. In some conditions, headache is the leading symptom.

Increased Functional Coupling between VTA and Hippocampus during Rest in First-Episode Psychosis.

Animal models suggest that interactions between the hippocampus and ventral tegmental area (VTA) underlie the onset and etiology of psychosis. While a large body of research has separately characterized alterations in hippocampal and VTA function in psychosis, alterations across the VTA and hippocampus have not been characterized in first-episode psychosis (FEP). As the phase of psychosis most proximal to conversion, studies specifically focused on FEP are valuable to psychosis research.

Patient-Reported Outcomes from a 1-Year, Real-World, Head-to-Head Comparison of OnabotulinumtoxinA and Topiramate for Headache Prevention in Adults With Chronic Migraine.

Introduction/objective: Chronic migraine (CM) is associated with impaired health-related quality of life and substantial socioeconomic burden, but many people with CM are underdiagnosed and do not receive appropriate preventive treatment. OnabotulinumtoxinA and topiramate have demonstrated (treatment benefit under ideal conditions) for the prevention of headaches in people with CM in clinical trials, but real-world studies suggest markedly different clinical (treatment benefit based on a blend of efficacy and tolerability). This study sought to evaluate patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of onabotulinumtoxinA versus topiramate immediate release for people with CM.

FORWARD Study: Evaluating the Comparative Effectiveness of OnabotulinumtoxinA and Topiramate for Headache Prevention in Adults With Chronic Migraine.

Objective: To compare effectiveness of onabotulinumtoxinA and topiramate for chronic migraine (CM) prevention.

Background: The efficacy* of onabotulinumtoxinA and topiramate has been established in placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials (*defined as the benefit of treatment under ideal conditions). The effectiveness* of the 2 preventive treatments, however, has not been established (*the benefit of treatment under real-world conditions, representing a blend of efficacy and tolerability).

Prognosis Following Discontinuation of OnabotulinumA Therapy in "Super-responding" Chronic Migraine Patients.

Objective: To determine whether the successful treatment of chronic migraine (CM) with onabotulinumA (BotoxA) may be followed by a continued respite from headache once therapy has been discontinued.

Background: The optimal duration of prophylactic therapy for migraine generally and for CM treated with BotoxA specifically is unknown.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study evaluating a series of patients with CM at a university-affiliated headache subspecialty clinic in Reno, Nevada, all of whom were treated according to a uniform protocol involving serial injections of BotoxA.

Effects of onabotulinumtoxinA treatment in chronic migraine patients with and without daily headache at baseline: results from the COMPEL Study.

Background: OnabotulinumtoxinA is effective in preventing chronic migraine (CM); however, the benefit of onabotulinumtoxinA in patients with CM with daily headache is unknown because these patients are typically excluded from clinical trials. This subanalysis of the COMPEL Study assessed the efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxinA in people with CM with and without daily headache.

Methods: In total, 715 patients received onabotulinumtoxinA 155 U with or without concomitant oral preventive treatment.

Effects of onabotulinumtoxinA treatment in patients with and without allodynia: results of the COMPEL study.

Background: OnabotulinumtoxinA is effective in treating chronic migraine (CM), but there are limited data assessing how allodynia affects preventive treatment responses. This subanalysis of the 108-week, multicenter, open-label COMPEL Study assessed the efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxinA in people with CM with and without allodynia.

Methods: Patients (n = 715) were treated with onabotulinumtoxinA 155 U every 12 weeks for 9 treatment cycles.

What Are We Missing in the Diagnostic Criteria for Migraine?

Purpose Of Review: This review is intended to examine how the diagnostic criteria for migraine have evolved over the past 45 years and to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the current diagnostic criteria promulgated by the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD).

Recent Findings: The ICHD is a comprehensive and systematic classification system for headache disorders. As the pathophysiology of migraine is more fully elucidated and more sophisticated diagnostic technologies are developed (e.

Post-prophylaxis gingivitis prevention with two-step stannous fluoride dentifrice plus whitening gel sequence or chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse.

Purpose: To assess use of a two-step dentifrice/gel sequence versus chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse on gingivitis prevention after dental prophylaxis.

Methods: A 12-week, randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the effectiveness and safety of a two-step dentifrice/gel sequence to a positive control in healthy adults with established gingivitis. After informed consent, gingivitis and stain levels were assessed by clinical examination.

An academic debate: OnabotulinumtoxinA for chronic migraine: PREEMPT-derived vs "customized" dosing/injection paradigm.

In 2010 onabotulinumtoxinA (OnabotA) was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of chronic migraine (CM). Data supporting approval were derived primarily from two parallel placebo-controlled trials, the PREEMPT studies. Many clinicians and research investigators critical of those data have recommended that the dosing/injection paradigm for treating CM be "customized" to the needs of the individual patient rather than administered in a uniform fashion conforming to the methodology utilized in the PREEMPT studies.

Impact of Gastric Acid Induced Surface Changes on Mechanical Behavior and Optical Characteristics of Dental Ceramics.

Purpose: To test the impact of exposure to artificial gastric acid combined with toothbrush abrasion on the properties of dental ceramics. Earlier research has indicated that immersion in artificial gastric acid has caused increased surface roughness of dental ceramics; however, the combined effects of acid immersion and toothbrush abrasion and the impact of increased surface roughness on mechanical strength and optical properties have not been studied.

Materials And Methods: Three commercially available ceramics were chosen for this study: feldspathic porcelain, lithium disilicate glass-ceramic, and monolithic zirconium oxide.

Effect of Two-minute Application of 35% Sodium Ascorbate on Composite Bond Strength following Bleaching.

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the effect of 35% sodium ascorbate on microtensile bond strength of dentin immediately after bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide.

Materials And Methods: A total of 25 sound human 3 molars were collected. Teeth were randomly divided into five groups for different treatments: Group I [bleaching + immediate bonding (i.

Inpatient versus Outpatient Management of TIA or Minor Stroke: Clinical Outcome.

Background: The management of patients with acute transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke is highly variable. Whether hospitalization of such patients significantly improves short-term clinical outcome is unknown. We assessed the short-term clinical outcome associated with inpatient versus outpatient management of patients with TIA or minor stroke.

Cerebral Sinus Thrombosis.

Background: Although cerebral venous thrombosis/cerebral sinus thrombosis (CVT/CST) remains a relatively uncommon cause of stroke and other neurologic complications, the widespread availability of noninvasive brain imaging has led to an increase in its diagnosis.

Purpose: Through a review and description of its epidemiology, clinical features and treatment, to heighten awareness of CVT/CST.

Methodology: Via a systematic review of the more recently published medical literature relevant to the topic and focusing in particular on primary sources, we compiled data related to the incidence of CVT/CST and its diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.

Hemiplegia and headache: a review of hemiplegia in headache disorders.

The most common scenario wherein the practicing neurologist is likely to encounter a patient with headache and hemiplegia will vary depending on his/her specific type of practice. A neurologist providing consultative service to an emergency department is far more likely to see patients with "secondary" headache and hemiplegia in the setting of either ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke than hemiplegia as a transient feature of a primary headache disorder. Neurologists subspecializing in headache medicine who practice in a tertiary referral headache clinic are more likely to encounter hemiplegic migraine, but even in that clinical setting hemiplegic migraine is by no means a frequent diagnosis.

Real-world economic impact of onabotulinumtoxinA in patients with chronic migraine.

Objective: To determine whether the utilization of healthcare resources is reduced after chronic migraine patients are treated for 6 months with onabotulinumtoxinA.

Background: OnabotulinumtoxinA is indicated for headache prophylaxis in patients with chronic migraine, but its effect on healthcare resource use is unknown.

Methods: We analyzed data from an open-label study of 230 chronic migraine patients refractory to ≥2 oral prophylactics who presented to a headache specialty clinic and who were treated with two cycles of onabotulinumtoxinA.

Headaches caused by vascular disorders.

The clinical association between stroke and headache is complex, ranging from the largely irrelevant to the highly specific. The incidence and clinical relevance of acute headache are highly dependent on stroke subtype and etiology. In this article the issue of headache accompanying acute stroke is addressed in some detail.