Self-reported diagnoses of dietary allergens and fecundability in a North American cohort.

Study Question: To what extent are self-reported diagnoses of food allergies associated with fecundability, the per-cycle probability of conception?

Summary Answer: Fecundability was not appreciably associated with self-reported food allergy diagnoses, number of food allergies, age at first diagnosis, or time since last allergic reaction.

What Is Known Already: Food allergies are atopic diseases that are characterized by an inappropriate immune response to a normally harmless dietary substance. While some studies have observed associations between atopic disorders and infertility, no study has examined the association between food allergies and fecundability, the per-cycle probability of conception.

A prospective study of male physical activity and fecundability.

Study Question: To what extent is male physical activity (PA) associated with fecundability (per-cycle probability of conception)?

Summary Answer: Preconception levels of vigorous, moderate, or total PA were not consistently associated with fecundability across Danish and North American cohorts, but there was suggestive evidence that bicycling with a 'soft, comfort seat' was associated with reduced fecundability in both cohorts, especially among males with greater BMI.

What Is Known Already: Among males, some studies indicate that moderate PA might improve fertility, whereas vigorous PA, especially bicycling, might be detrimental.

Study Design, Size, Duration: We assessed the association between male PA and fecundability among couples participating in two preconception cohort studies: SnartForaeldre.

Specifying a target trial protocol to estimate the effect of preconception treatment of periodontitis on time-to-pregnancy: A commentary and applied example.

Background: The target trial framework was developed as a strategy to design and analyze observational epidemiologic studies with the aim of reducing bias due to analytic decisions. It involves designing a hypothetical randomized trial to answer a question of interest and systematically considering how to use observational data to emulate each trial component.

Aims: The primary aim of this paper is to provide a detailed example of the application of the target trial framework to a research question in oral epidemiology.

The association between the use of fertility indicators and fecundability in a Danish preconception cohort.

Background: The use of fertility indicators to predict ovulation has largely been studied for contraceptive purposes, while less so as fertility-promoting tools.

Objective: To investigate the association between fertility indicators and fecundability in Danish women trying to conceive.

Methods: Web-based preconception cohort study.

Effect of Different Durations of Treatment With Antihypertensive Drugs With Anticholinergic Effects on the Risk of Dementia: A Target Trial Emulation Study.

Studying the effect of duration of treatment on prognostic outcomes using real-world data is challenging because only people who survive for a long time can receive a treatment for a long time. Specifying a target trial helps overcome such challenge. We aimed to estimate the effect of different durations of treatment with antihypertensive drugs with anticholinergic properties (AC AHT) on the risk of vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease by emulating a target trial using the UK CPRD GOLD database (2001-2017).

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and fecundability: a prospective cohort study.

Study Question: Is cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) associated with reduced fecundability, defined as the probability of conceiving per menstrual cycle?

Summary Answer: Overall, we observed no meaningful association between CIN and fecundability, regardless of surgical status, although a recent diagnosis of moderate or severe CIN might be associated with slightly reduced fecundability for 2 years after diagnosis.

What Is Known Already: About 15% of couples experience infertility. Few studies have examined the influence of CIN on fertility, and the results have been inconsistent.

Does Web-Based Relationship Education Improve Sexual Intimacy? Initial Examination, Replication, and Exploration of Moderation in a Low-Income Sample.

Sexual intimacy, characterized as the experience between individuals of sharing general affection and sexual activity with one another within the Personal Assessment of Intimacy in Relationships inventory, is positively related to relationship satisfaction and stability. However, many studies of couple therapy have shown that it only results in small-sized (and often non-significant) improvements in sexual intimacy. Furthermore, there are numerous financial, logistical, and psychological barriers to couple therapy.

Integrated care model for patients with functional somatic symptom disorder - a co-produced stakeholder exploration with recommendations for best practice.

Background: Functional somatic symptoms (FFS) and bodily distress disorders are highly prevalent across all medical settings. Services for these patients are dispersed across the health care system with minimal conceptual and operational integration, and patients do not currently access therapeutic offers in significant numbers due to a mismatch between their and professionals' understanding of the nature of the symptoms. New service models are urgently needed to address patients' needs and to align with advances in aetiological evidence and diagnostic classification systems to overcome the body-mind dichotomy.

A preconception cohort study of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and semen quality.

Background: Dietary factors, including high sugar intake, may have adverse effects on male reproduction. Studies of the association between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake and semen quality have reported inconsistent results.

Objective: We estimated the effects of SSB consumption on semen quality in a North American preconception cohort study.

Staging and clean room: Constructs designed to facilitate transparency and reduce bias in comparative analyses of real-world data.

Purpose: We describe constructs designed to protect the integrity of the results from comparative analyses using real-world data (RWD): staging and clean room.

Methods: Staging involves performing sequential preliminary analyses and evaluating the population size available and potential bias before conducting comparative analyses. A clean room involves restricted access to data and preliminary results, policies governing exploratory analyses and protocol deviations, and audit trail.

Risk of Anaphylaxis Among New Users of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Cohort Study.

Objective: To assess risk of anaphylaxis among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are initiating therapy with a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA), with a focus on those starting lixisenatide therapy.

Research Design And Methods: A cohort study was conducted in three large, U.S.

Ambient air pollution and rate of spontaneous abortion.

Spontaneous abortion (SAB), defined as a pregnancy loss before 20 weeks of gestation, affects up to 30% of conceptions, yet few modifiable risk factors have been identified. We estimated the effect of ambient air pollution exposure on SAB incidence in Pregnancy Study Online (PRESTO), a preconception cohort study of North American couples who were trying to conceive. Participants completed questionnaires at baseline, every 8 weeks during preconception follow-up, and in early and late pregnancy.

Preconception sleep duration, non-daytime work schedules, and incidence of spontaneous abortion: a prospective cohort study.

Study Question: To what extent do self-reported sleep duration and non-daytime work schedules in either partner affect the rate of spontaneous abortion (SAB)?

Summary Answer: Incidence of SAB had little association with female sleep duration and a modest positive association with male short sleep duration, female work at night, and discrepant work schedules among partners.

What Is Known Already: Several studies have reported an association between short sleep duration in either partner and reproductive health outcomes, including fecundability. Moreover, certain types of female occupational exposures during pregnancy have been associated with an increased risk of SAB.

A prospective cohort study of preconception COVID-19 vaccination and miscarriage.

Study Question: To what extent is preconception maternal or paternal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination associated with miscarriage incidence?

Summary Answer: COVID-19 vaccination in either partner at any time before conception is not associated with an increased rate of miscarriage.

What Is Known Already: Several observational studies have evaluated the safety of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy and found no association with miscarriage, though no study prospectively evaluated the risk of early miscarriage (gestational weeks [GW] <8) in relation to COVID-19 vaccination. Moreover, no study has evaluated the role of preconception vaccination in both male and female partners.

Statistical inference and effect measures in abstracts of randomized controlled trials, 1975-2021. A systematic review.

Objective: To examine the time trend of statistical inference, statistical reporting style of results, and effect measures from the abstracts of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Study Desgin And Settings: We downloaded 385,867 PubMed abstracts of RCTs from 1975 to 2021. We used text-mining to detect reporting of statistical inference (p-values, confidence intervals, significance terminology), statistical reporting style of results, and effect measures for binary outcomes, including time-to-event measures.

Preconception contraceptive use and miscarriage: prospective cohort study.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between preconception contraceptive use and miscarriage.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Residents of the United States of America or Canada, recruited from 2013 until the end of 2022.

A randomized controlled trial of the online OurRelationship program with varying levels of coach support.

Online programs that reduce relationship distress fill a critical need; however, their scalability is limited by their reliance on coach calls. To determine the effectiveness of the online OurRelationship program with varying levels of coach support, we conducted a comparative effectiveness trial with 740 low-income couples in the United States. Couples were randomly assigned to full-coach ( = 226; program as originally designed), automated-coach (  145; as a stand-alone program with tailored automated emails only), contingent-coach (  145; as an adaptive program where tailored automated emails are followed by more coaching if couples did not meet progress milestones), or a waitlist control condition ( = 224).

Risks of Uterine Perforation and Expulsion Associated With Intrauterine Devices.

Objective: The APEX-IUD (Association of Perforation and Expulsion of Intrauterine Devices) study evaluated the association of postpartum timing of intrauterine device (IUD) insertion, breastfeeding, heavy menstrual bleeding, and IUD type (levonorgestrel-releasing vs copper) with risks of uterine perforation and IUD expulsion in usual clinical practice. We summarize the clinically important findings to inform counseling and shared decision making.

Methods: APEX-IUD was a real-world (using U.

Risk of Miscarriage in Relation to Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Before or During Pregnancy.

Objective: To evaluate the association between seasonal influenza vaccination and miscarriage using data from an ongoing, prospective cohort study.

Methods: We analyzed 2013-2022 data from PRESTO (Pregnancy Study Online), a prospective prepregnancy cohort study of female pregnancy planners and their male partners in the United States and Canada. Female participants completed a baseline questionnaire and then follow-up questionnaires every 8 weeks until pregnancy, during early and late pregnancy, and during the postpartum period.