Examining the Impact of Diet-and-Exercise-Induced Weight Loss on Drug Metabolism and Gastric Emptying in Patients with Obesity.

Obesity significantly influences drug pharmacokinetics (PK), which challenges optimal dosing. This study examines the effects of diet-and-exercise-induced weight loss on key drug-metabolizing enzymes and gastric emptying in patients with obesity, who frequently require medications for comorbidities. Participants followed a structured weight management program promoting weight loss over 3-6 months and were not concomitantly on potential CYP inducers or inhibitors.

Point-Counterpoint Debate: Surgery vs. Medical Treatment for the Management of Obesity.

Obesity is a chronic, relapsing condition with severe health risks and a huge economic burden. Effective interventions for severe obesity include bariatric or metabolic surgery and high-intensity medical management involving lifestyle changes and pharmacotherapy. This article summarizes the debate between Drs.

Radiomic-based biomarkers: Transforming age and body composition metrics into personalized age-informed indices.

Chronological age has been the standard for quantifying the aging process. While it is simple to quantify it cannot fully discern the biological variability of aging between individuals. The growing body of interest in this variability of human aging has led to the introduction of new biomarkers to operationalize biological age.

Gut-muscle communication links FGF19 levels to the loss of lean muscle mass following rapid weight loss.

Objective: Optimal weight loss involves decreasing adipose tissue while preserving lean muscle mass. Identifying molecular mediators that preserve lean muscle mass is therefore a clinically important goal. We have shown that circulating, postprandial FGF19 levels are lower in patients with obesity and decrease further with comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes and MASLD.

Facilitators and Barriers to Weight Loss Among Patients With Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension.

Background: Little is known about motivation for weight loss and barriers to weight loss among patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Such information is crucial for developing tailored weight management recommendations and novel interventions.

Methods: We administered a survey to patients with IIH presenting to neuro-ophthalmology clinics at The University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center (Michigan, USA) and St.

Intestinal FGF15 regulates bile acid and cholesterol metabolism but not glucose and energy balance.

Fibroblast growth factor 15/19 (FGF15/19, mouse/human ortholog) is expressed in the ileal enterocytes of the small intestine and released postprandially in response to bile acid absorption. Previous reports of FGF15-/- mice have limited our understanding of gut-specific FGF15's role in metabolism. Therefore, we studied the role of endogenous gut-derived FGF15 in bile acid, cholesterol, glucose, and energy balance.

Remission of type 2 diabetes: always more questions, but enough answers for action.

The concept of type 2 diabetes remission is evolving rapidly, and gaining wide public and professional interest, following demonstration that with substantial intentional weight loss almost nine in ten people with type 2 diabetes can reduce their HbA level below the diagnostic criterion (48 mmol/mol [6.5%]) without glucose-lowering medications, and improve all features of the metabolic syndrome. Pursuing nomoglycaemia with older drugs was dangerous because of the risk of side effects and hypoglycaemia, so the conventional treatment target was an HbA concentration of 53 mmol/mol (7%), meaning that diabetes was still present and allowing disease progression.

The OPTIFAST total and partial meal replacement programme reduces cardiometabolic risk in adults with obesity: Secondary and exploratory analysis of the OPTIWIN study.

Aim: The effects of weight loss with a partial or total meal replacement programme (MRP) on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors are not fully understood, in particular in people at higher CV risk. In the 52-week randomized controlled OPTIWIN study in men and women with obesity, meal replacement programme (total for first 26 weeks, partial for the ensuing 26 weeks) with OPTIFAST (OP) resulted in significantly greater weight loss compared with a low-calorie food-based (FB) dietary plan, both as part of a comprehensive lifestyle intervention [OP (n = 135)/FB (n = 138) week 26: -12.4%/-6.

A Very-Low-Calorie Diet Can Cause Remission of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertriglyceridemia in Familial Partial Lipodystrophy.

There is no strong evidence that any specific diet is the preferred treatment for lipodystrophy syndromes. Here we remark on the benefits of a very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) in a patient with familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 (FPLD2). A 38-year-old female diagnosed with FPLD2, with a history of multiple comorbidities, underwent 16 weeks of VLCD with a short-term goal of improving her metabolic state rapidly to achieve pregnancy by in vitro fertilization (IVF).

The Effect of COVID-19 on Dual-Eligible Beneficiaries: A Scoping Review.

Objectives: To examine the impact of COVID-19 on clinical health outcomes and health-related social needs among Medicaid-Medicare dual-eligible beneficiaries.

Design: Scoping review.

Setting And Participants: Dual eligibles during COVID-19.

Dietary and/or physical activity interventions in women with overweight or obesity prior to fertility treatment: protocol for a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.

Introduction: Dietary and/or physical activity interventions are often recommended for women with overweight or obesity as the first step prior to fertility treatment. However, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) so far have shown inconsistent results. Therefore, we propose this individual participant data meta-analysis (IPDMA) to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of dietary and/or physical activity interventions in women with infertility and overweight or obesity on reproductive, maternal and perinatal outcomes and to explore if there are subgroup(s) of women who benefit from each specific intervention or their combination (treatment-covariate interactions).

Dietary diversity, food insecurity and the double burden of malnutrition among children, adolescents and adults in South Africa: Findings from a national survey.

Unlabelled: Childhood stunting remains a global public health problem. Many stunted children live in the same household as overweight or obese adults (the so-called double burden of malnutrition), evidence that quality as well as quantity of food is important. In recent years, food security measurement has shifted away from anthropometry (e.

Household Food Insecurity and Demographic Factors, Low Birth Weight and Stunting in Early Childhood: Findings from a Longitudinal Study in South Africa.

Background: Low birthweight (LBW) as well as early childhood stunting are risk factors for increased childhood morbidity in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC). The Covid 19 pandemic has exacerbated food insecurity and unemployment globally, prompting concerns for maternal and child health.

Objectives: We used data from the great recession of 2008 to examine the relationship between household food security and other risk factors with LBW and stunting using a longitudinal sample of South African women and their offspring.

Dietary Interventions to Treat Type 2 Diabetes in Adults with a Goal of Remission: An Expert Consensus Statement from the American College of Lifestyle Medicine.

Objective: The objective of this Expert Consensus Statement is to assist clinicians in achieving remission of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adults using diet as a primary intervention. Evidence-informed statements agreed upon by a multi-disciplinary panel of expert healthcare professionals were used.

Methods: Panel members with expertise in diabetes treatment, research, and remission followed an established methodology for developing consensus statements using a modified Delphi process.

Early Relationships of a Low-Energy Diet With Symptoms of Fibromyalgia.

Objective: Previous studies have demonstrated that weight loss has been shown to improve pain in weight-bearing joints, and more recent studies suggest that weight loss may be accompanied by improvements in pain in non-weight-bearing regions. In previous work, we demonstrated that these symptoms improve substantially in patients with obesity undergoing 12 weeks of a very low-energy diet (VLED) restricted to 800 kcal as part of a weight-loss program. Preclinical models also have shown analgesic effects of calorie restriction.

Evidence of an active Cushing reflex in a preterm neonate with hyaline membrane disease: a case report.

Background: The Cushing reflex does not appear to have been described in preterm neonates. This case report shows the presence of an active Cushing reflex in a 32-week preterm neonate with hyaline membrane disease.

Case Presentation: The 1.

Dietary weight loss in people with severe obesity stabilizes neuropathy and improves symptomatology.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of dietary weight loss on neuropathy outcomes in people with severe obesity.

Methods: A prospective cohort study of participants attending a medical weight-management program was followed. Weight loss was achieved with meal replacement of 800 kcal/d for 12 weeks and then transitioning to 1,200 to 1,500 kcal/d.

Consensus Report: Definition and Interpretation of Remission in Type 2 Diabetes.

Improvement of glucose levels into the normal range can occur in some people living with diabetes, either spontaneously or after medical interventions, and in some cases can persist after withdrawal of glucose-lowering pharmacotherapy. Such sustained improvement may now be occurring more often due to newer forms of treatment. However, terminology for describing this process and objective measures for defining it are not well established, and the long-term risks versus benefits of its attainment are not well understood.

Consensus report: Definition and interpretation of remission in type 2 diabetes.

Improvement of glucose levels into the normal range can occur in some people living with diabetes, either spontaneously or after medical interventions, and in some cases can persist after withdrawal of glucose-lowering pharmacotherapy. Such sustained improvement may now be occurring more often due to newer forms of treatment. However, terminology for describing this process and objective measures for defining it are not well established, and the long-term risks versus benefits of its attainment are not well understood.

Consensus Report: Definition and Interpretation of Remission in Type 2 Diabetes.

Improvement of glucose levels into the normal range can occur in some people living with diabetes, either spontaneously or after medical interventions, and in some cases can persist after withdrawal of glucose-lowering pharmacotherapy. Such sustained improvement may now be occurring more often due to newer forms of treatment. However, terminology for describing this process and objective measures for defining it are not well established, and the long-term risks versus benefits of its attainment are not well understood.

Consensus report: definition and interpretation of remission in type 2 diabetes.

Improvement of glucose levels into the normal range can occur in some people living with diabetes, either spontaneously or after medical interventions, and in some cases can persist after withdrawal of glucose-lowering pharmacotherapy. Such sustained improvement may now be occurring more often due to newer forms of treatment. However, terminology for describing this process and objective measures for defining it are not well established, and the long-term risks vs benefits of its attainment are not well understood.

Ultrasound-on-chip platform for medical imaging, analysis, and collective intelligence.

Over the past half-century, ultrasound imaging has become a key technology for assessing an ever-widening range of medical conditions at all stages of life. Despite ultrasound's proven value, expensive systems that require domain expertise in image acquisition and interpretation have limited its broad adoption. The proliferation of portable and low-cost ultrasound imaging can improve global health and also enable broad clinical and academic studies with great impact on the fields of medicine.