Malnutrition and Its Influence on Gut sIgA-Microbiota Dynamics.

In the current era, malnutrition is seen as both undernutrition and overweight and obesity; both conditions are caused by nutrient deficiency or excess and improper use or imbalance in the intake of macro and micronutrients. Recent evidence suggests that malnutrition alters the intestinal microbiota, known as dysbiosis. Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) plays an important role in maintaining and increasing beneficial intestinal microbiota populations and protecting against pathogenic species.

Transition Readiness in Pediatric Chronic Digestive Diseases: A Regional Perspective from North-Eastern Romania.

: The transition from the pediatric to the adult healthcare system is a challenging process involving adolescents, parents, and pediatric and adult specialists. For a successful approach for an organized transition program, we must assess the level of training of adolescents facing transition. : We applied a clinic-based questionnaire measuring perceived self-management skills, adherence to health-related tasks, medication knowledge, and social adjustment to pediatric patients with chronic digestive diseases from North-East Romanian medical units, including a tertiary center and private practice offices.

The Role of Gut Microbiota in the Onset and Progression of Obesity and Associated Comorbidities.

Obesity, a global public health problem, is constantly increasing, so the concerns in preventing and combating it are increasingly focused on the intestinal microbiota. It was found that the microbiota is different in lean people compared to obese individuals, but the exact mechanisms by which energy homeostasis is influenced are still incompletely known. Numerous studies show the involvement of certain bacterial species in promoting obesity and associated diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, cancer, etc.

A Proteogenomic Approach to Unveiling the Complex Biology of the Microbiome.

The complex biology of the microbiome was elucidated once the genomics era began. The proteogenomic approach analyzes and integrates genetic makeup (genomics) and microbial communities' expressed proteins (proteomics). Therefore, researchers gained insights into gene expression, protein functions, and metabolic pathways, understanding microbial dynamics and behavior, interactions with host cells, and responses to environmental stimuli.

Predictive Biomarkers and Resistance Mechanisms of Checkpoint Inhibitors in Malignant Solid Tumors.

Predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in solid tumors such as melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), colorectal cancer (CRC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), endometrial carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), or urothelial carcinoma (UC) include programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, tumor mutational burden (TMB), defective deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) mismatch repair (dMMR), microsatellite instability (MSI), and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Over the past decade, several types of ICIs, including cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors, anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibodies, anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies, and anti-lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) antibodies have been studied and approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), with ongoing research on others. Recent studies highlight the critical role of the gut microbiome in influencing a positive therapeutic response to ICIs, emphasizing the importance of modeling factors that can maintain a healthy microbiome.

Assessing Weight Stigma: Validating Attitudes and Beliefs Questionnaires Among Future Healthcare Professionals.

Background This study aimed to establish the reliability and validity of the Anti-Fat Attitudes (AFA) questionnaire and the Beliefs About Obese Persons (BAOP) scale. Methodology A convenience sample of 257 students from three distinct sections of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T. Popa" Iasi (Medical Faculty, Nutrition and Dietetics, and Nursing) participated in an observational study.

Gustave Roussy Immune Score (GRIm-Score) as a Prognostic and Predictive Score in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Introduction: Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) presents significant clinical challenges due to its heterogeneous nature and variable treatment responses. The Gustave Roussy Immune Score (GRIm-Score) has emerged as a potential biomarker for prognostication and prediction in mCRC, although its precise role remains under investigation.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study that included 173 patients diagnosed with mCRC.

Friend or Foe: Exploring the Relationship between the Gut Microbiota and the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Digestive Cancers.

Digestive cancers are among the leading causes of cancer death in the world. However, the mechanisms of cancer development and progression are not fully understood. Accumulating evidence in recent years pointing to the bidirectional interactions between gut dysbiosis and the development of a specific type of gastrointestinal cancer is shedding light on the importance of this "unseen organ"-the microbiota.

Challenges in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Oral Amelanotic Malignant Melanoma: A Case Report.

Oral malignant melanoma (OMM) is extremely rare and usually has a poor prognosis. Early diagnosis is very important and can improve survival but it is usually difficult due to a lack of symptomatology. We present the first case of a 39-year-old East European woman with oral amelanotic melanoma, who underwent surgery and adjuvant immunotherapy; however, after six months, she developed local recurrence.

Assessing the Effects of Medical Information on Parental Self-Medication Behaviors for Children's Health: A Comparative Analysis.

: Health professionals have voiced concerns about the danger of self-medication in times of growing use of over-the-counter medicines and, in some contexts, the unregulated selling of them. Previous research has examined the incidence of parental self-medication as well as the use and abuse of antibiotics without medical advice. However, these studies have limited evidence on the role of family doctors and the perceived severity of self-medication in the case of parents.

Pattern of Primary Resistance of to Clarithromycin among Pediatric Patients from North-Eastern Romania.

Background: antibiotic resistance has increased worldwide and affects the effectiveness of current therapies. The recommended first-line empiric treatment should be tailored to the local clarithromycin resistance rate. This study aimed to determine the pediatric patient profile and rate of clarithromycin resistance for patients diagnosed with by gastric biopsy.

Revisiting the Intestinal Microbiome and Its Role in Diarrhea and Constipation.

The gut microbiota represents a community of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, archaea, viruses, and protozoa) that colonize the gut and are responsible for gut mucosal structural integrity and immune and metabolic homeostasis. The relationship between the gut microbiome and human health has been intensively researched in the past years. It is now widely recognized that gut microbial composition is highly responsible for the general health of the host.

Vaccine Hesitancy Phenomenon Evolution during Pregnancy over High-Risk Epidemiological Periods-"Repetitio Est Mater Studiorum".

(1) Background: The recent epidemiological events were high-stress level generators for humanity, particularly for pregnant women, influencing their attitude, behavior, and decisions regarding vaccination during pregnancy or regarding their future child. The aim of this study was to analyze the anti-pertussis vaccination decision-shaping factors in pregnant women during two epidemiological periods: the measles epidemic and the COVID-19 pandemic. (2) Methods: Two groups of pregnant women were invited to be part of a medical education program, having as the main theme the infectious disease risks and their prevention through vaccination.

Patterns and Characteristics of Midface Fractures in North-Eastern Romania.

Midface fractures are common injuries that are the result of interpersonal violence, traffic accidents, falls, work-related accidents, sports-related accidents, or animal aggression. In the northeastern part of Romania, these injuries are a significant health concern that, if left untreated, may lead to functional and esthetic sequelae. : This study aims to update the statistical data available to help promote a different lifestyle, with awareness campaigns to prevent aggression, accidents, and domestic violence.

The Effectiveness of Different Eradication Schemes for Pediatric Infection-A Single-Center Comparative Study from Romania.

Introduction: In Romania, studies on the pediatric population regarding infection or bacterial resistance to antibiotics are limited. Eradication treatment of this infection still raises important problems in medical practice. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of three eradication therapies used against infection in the pediatric population.

Improving the Treatment Outcome of Naso-Orbito-Ethmoido-Maxillary Fractures Using Virtual Three-Dimensional Anthropometric Data.

Background: Naso-orbito-ethmoido-maxillary (NOEM) fractures are usually the result of a high or moderate intensity impact to the upper midface. These types of fractures are difficult to treat and are frequently misdiagnosed. Craniometric analysis can be of real aid in the treatment of NOEM complex fractures by establishing midfacial proportions.

Infection in a Pediatric Population from Romania: Risk Factors, Clinical and Endoscopic Features and Treatment Compliance.

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between H. pylori positivity with specific symptoms, risk factors and endoscopic patterns among the pediatric population in northeastern Romania. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was performed in 18 months on 185 children aged 6−18 years with an indication for upper digestive endoscopy.

Evaluation of Medetomidine-Ketamine for Immobilization of Feral Horses in Romania.

Feral horses are immobilized for a variety of reasons including population control via contraceptives. Although opioid combinations have been successfully used for immobilization of feral horses, there is a need for combinations using drugs that are more readily available and present less of a human health hazard. We evaluated the chemical immobilization with physiological measurements and blood gas analyses of 91 free-ranging feral horses () remotely immobilized with a combination of 30 mg medetomidine and 775 mg ketamine in a single disposable 6 ml dart.

Biomarkers in traumatic brain injury: new concepts.

Traumatic brain injury is a multifaceted condition that encompasses a spectrum of injuries: contusions, axonal injuries in specific brain regions, edema, and hemorrhage. Brain injury determines a broad clinical and disability spectrum due to the implication of various cellular pathways, genetic phenotypes, and environmental factors. It is challenging to predict patient outcomes, to appropriately evaluate the patients, to determine a suitable treatment strategy and rehabilitation program, and to communicate with patient relatives.

Efficacy and safety of cerebrolysin in neurorecovery after moderate-severe traumatic brain injury: results from the CAPTAIN II trial.

Introduction: The objective of this trial was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Cerebrolysin in treating patients after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) as an adjunct to standard care protocols. The trial was designed to investigate the clinical effects of Cerebrolysin in the acute (neuroprotective) stage and during early and long-term recovery as part of a neurorestorative strategy.

Materials And Methods: The study was a phase IIIb/IV single-center, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Influence of antioxidant therapy on the clinical status of multiple trauma patients. A retrospective single center study.

Introduction: The biochemical processes of bioproduction of free radicals (FR) are significantly increasing in polytrauma patients. Decreased plasma concentrations of antioxidants, correlated with a disturbance of the redox balance are responsible for the installation of the phenomenon called oxidative stress (OS). OS action is associated with a series of secondary complications with direct implications in reducing the rate of survival, as well as in increasing morbidity The objectives of this study were to reveal possible relations between antioxidant therapy and a number of serum biochemical variables (ALT, AST, APPT, LDH, urea, leukocytes, platelets), the length of mechanical ventilation, the time spent in the ICU, and the mortality rate in major trauma patients.

Oxidative stress in severe pulmonary trauma in critical ill patients. Antioxidant therapy in patients with multiple trauma--a review.

Multiple trauma patients require extremely good management and thus, the trauma team needs to be prepared and to be up to date with the new standards of intensive therapy. Oxidative stress and free radicals represent an extremely aggressive factor to cells, having a direct consequence upon the severity of lung inflammation. Pulmonary tissue is damaged by oxidative stress, leading to biosynthesis of mediators that exacerbate inflammation modulators.

McKenzie training in patients with early stages of ankylosing spondylitis: results of a 24-week controlled study.

Background: It is widely accepted that patient education and regular exercises could improve pain, function and maintain posture in ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

Aim: The main aim of our study was to demonstrate the benefits of a specific, McKenzie training focusing on pain, spine flexibility, disease activity and function, as well as chest expansion in AS.

Design: Controlled study.

Oxidative stress and antioxidant therapy in traumatic spinal cord injuries.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is often accompanied by motor, vegetative and sensitive dysfunctions that can significantly decrease the chance of the complete recovery of the patients. The pathophysiological implication of these dysfunctions is represented by the increased production of the reactive species that are extremely aggressive to the surrounding tissue. The combination of massive production of free radicals, low concentration of antioxidants and the hypermetabolism present in patients with SCI leads to enhancement of the oxidative stress.