Assessment of the BNT162B2 COVID-19 vaccine immune response in Brazilian indigenous adolescents.

Background: COVID-19 vaccination of minors is crucial for global pandemic control, especially among indigenous populations, who are often more vulnerable due to limited healthcare resources and communal living settings.

Objectives: To assess the immunogenicity responses of the BNT162b2 vaccine in immunized Brazilian indigenous adolescents.

Methods: A cohort study was conducted with indigenous adolescents aged 12 to 18 years residing in the largest peri-urban indigenous region in Brazil.

Seroprevalence Of SARS-COV-2 infection in asymptomatic indigenous from the largest Brazilian periurban area.

This study assessed the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in 496 asymptomatic individuals from Mato Grosso do Sul, located in Dourados, the largest periurban indigenous area in Brazil, from January 25 to February 4, 2021. The volunteers participated before receiving their first dose of the CoronaVac inactivated vaccine. For screening, blood samples were collected and analyzed using SARS-CoV-2 rapid tests and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Repurposing HIV Protease Inhibitors Atazanavir and Darunavir as Antifungal Treatments against Infections: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study.

is the chief etiological agent of candidiasis, a mycosis prevalent in individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In recent years, the introduction of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors (HIV-PI) has reduced the prevalence of candidiasis in these patients. Seeking new therapeutic strategies based on the perspective of drug repositioning, we evaluated the effects of two second-generation HIV-PIs, atazanavir (ATV) and darunavir (DRV), on virulence factors of and experimental candidiasis.

Farnesol as a potentiator of antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation on Enterococcus faecalis.

Enterococcus faecalis is related to the recurrence of endodontic infections and approaches to intracanal disinfection are necessary. Farnesol, an alcohol commonly found in propolis, has antimicrobial properties, and can enhance the efficacy of some antibiotic therapies. The objective was to evaluate whether farnesol can increase the efficacy of the antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) on E.

Cryptococcus spp. and Cryptococcosis: focusing on the infection in Brazil.

Cryptococcosis is a global fungal infection caused by the Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii yeast complex. This infection is acquired by inhalation of propagules such as basidiospores or dry yeast, initially causing lung infections with the possibility of progressing to the meninges. This infection mainly affects immunocompromised HIV and transplant patients; however, immunocompetent patients can also be affected.

Enhancing effect of chitosan on methylene blue-mediated photodynamic therapy against C. albicans: A study in planktonic growth, biofilms, and persister cells.

Chitosan (CS) is a natural polymer extracted from the exoskeleton of crustaceans. Due to its cationic structure, CS has been studied as a possible enhancer of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). The objective was to evaluate the association of CS with methylene blue (MB)-mediated aPDT on Candida albicans, investigating its effects on planktonic growth, biofilms, and cells persistent to fluconazole.

The Anti-Biofilm Efficacy of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) and a Murine Model of Oral Candidiasis.

is the main fungal species associated with the development of oral candidiasis. Currently, therapeutic options for these infections are limited by the adverse effects of antifungal drugs and by the emergence of drug resistant strains. Thus, the development of new antifungal agents is needed for the prevention and treatment of oral infections.

Probiotic Effects of Lactobacillus paracasei 28.4 to Inhibit Streptococcus mutans in a Gellan-Based Formulation.

Streptococcus mutans is considered to be a major bacterium involved in dental caries, and the control of virulence mechanisms is fundamental to prevent disease. Probiotics present a promising preventive method; however, the use of probiotics requires its incorporation into delivery materials to facilitate oral colonization. Thus, we performed a comprehensive study examining preventive effects of Lactobacillus paracasei 28.

The Postbiotic Activity of 28.4 Against .

has emerged as a medically important pathogen with considerable resistance to antifungal agents. The ability to produce biofilms is an important pathogenicity feature of this species that aids escape of host immune responses and antimicrobial agents. The objective of this study was to verify antifungal action using and models of the 28.

Candida Biofilms: An Update on Developmental Mechanisms and Therapeutic Challenges.

Fungi of the genus Candida are important etiological agents of superficial and life-threatening infections in individuals with a compromised immune system. One of the main characteristics of Candida is its ability to form highly drug tolerance biofilms in the human host. Biofilms are a dynamic community of multiple cell types whose formation over time is orchestrated by a network of transcription regulators.

Development of Probiotic Formulations for Oral Candidiasis Prevention: Gellan Gum as a Carrier To Deliver Lactobacillus paracasei 28.4.

Probiotics might provide an alternative approach for the control of oral candidiasis. However, studies on the antifungal activity of probiotics in the oral cavity are based on the consumption of yogurt or other dietary products, and it is necessary to use appropriate biomaterials and specific strains to obtain probiotic formulations targeted for local oral administration. In this study, we impregnated gellan gum, a natural biopolymer used as a food additive, with a probiotic and investigated its antifungal activity against 28.

Effects of surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) eluate on spp.: antifungal activity, anti-biofilm properties, and protective effects on against infection.

Surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) is a bioactive filler produced by PRG technology, which is applied to various dental materials. The inhibitory effects of S-PRG eluate against , the most common fungal oral pathogen, were investigated. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and anti-biofilm activities were tested against , , , and .

Action mechanisms of probiotics on Candida spp. and candidiasis prevention: an update.

Due to the high incidence of fungal infections caused by Candida species and their increasing resistance to antimicrobial treatments, alternative therapies such as probiotics have been studied. It has been show that several species of the genus Lactobacillus have anti-Candida activity, probably by direct inhibition, through competition for adhesion sites or production of secondary metabolites, and by indirect inhibition, through stimulation of the immune system of their host. However, the mechanisms of inhibition of these probiotics on Candida species have not yet been fully elucidated since this effect is related to more than one inhibition pathway.

Heat-killed Lactobacillus reuteri and cell-free culture supernatant have similar effects to viable probiotics during interaction with Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Background And Objective: In the last decade, numerous studies have been published to clarify the role of probiotics, especially Lactobacillus reuteri, as an adjunct to conventional periodontal treatment. Although the health benefits of probiotics are numerous, they are live bacteria, and the administration of live organisms is not risk-free. We evaluated the antimicrobial effect of L reuteri and its cell-free culture supernatant on Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone periodontal pathogen, in vitro.

"Rendezvous" Procedure in Children with Cholecysto-Choledocholithiasis.

Cholecysto-choledocolithiasis is a rare entity in children and its management is still challenging and controversial. The laparoendoscopic rendezvous (LERV) procedure, consisting of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and simultaneous endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for the management of symptomatic choledocholithiasis is well described in adult patients. However, in the literature, few reports about its application in the pediatric population have been recorded.

Two sporulated Bacillus enhance immunity in Galleria mellonella protecting against Candida albicans.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus atrophaeus on Galleria mellonella immunity challenged by Candida albicans. Firstly, we analyzed the susceptibility of G. mellonella to bacilli (vegetative and sporulating forms).

Galleria mellonella as an experimental model to study human oral pathogens.

The oral cavity is home to a microbial community of more than 800 species. This important microbiome is formed by commensal and opportunistic bacteria, fungi and viruses. Several distinct habitats within the mouth support heterogeneous microbial communities that constitute an important link between oral and general health.

Recent Advances in the Use of Model to Study Immune Responses against Human Pathogens.

The use of invertebrates for in vivo studies in microbiology is well established in the scientific community. Larvae of are a widely used model for studying pathogenesis, the efficacy of new antimicrobial compounds, and immune responses. The immune system of larvae is structurally and functionally similar to the innate immune response of mammals, which makes this model suitable for such studies.

Galleria mellonella experimental model for bat fungal pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans and human fungal pathogen Pseudogymnoascus pannorum.

Laboratory investigations of the pathogenesis of Pseudogymnoascus destructans, the fungal causal agent of bat White Nose Syndrome (WNS), presents unique challenges due to its growth requirements (4°-15°C) and a lack of infectivity in the current disease models. Pseudogymnoascus pannorum is the nearest fungal relative of P. destructans with wider psychrophilic - physiological growth range, and ability to cause rare skin infections in humans.

Inhibitory effect of probiotic Lactobacillus supernatants from the oral cavity on Streptococcus mutans biofilms.

Probiotics can release bioactive substances that can inhibit the growth and biofilm formation of pathogenic microorganisms such as Streptococcus mutans. In this context, we evaluated whether the supernatants of Lactobacillus strains isolated from caries-free subjects can inhibit S. mutans, one of the most important bacteria for dental caries.

Lactobacillus species increase the survival of Galleria mellonella infected with Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida clinical isolates.

Investigation into new therapeutic strategies, such as the use of bacterial isolates with probiotic characteristics, has increased in importance due to the high incidence of Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida infections. This study evaluates Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains as prophylactic and therapeutic agents against infection caused by Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, and Candida tropicalis in a Galleria mellonella model. Prophylactic treatment provided greater benefits during Candida spp.

Candida tropicalis affects the virulence profile of Candida albicans: an in vitro and in vivo study.

Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis are commensal microorganisms occurring in the oral cavity of approximately 50%-70% of healthy individuals. However, these microbes can become pathogenic through changes in the environment or weakened host immune system. Thus, the aim of this investigation was to evaluate the interaction between species of the genus Candida in the biofilm formation, filamentation, gene expression and virulence in Galleria mellonella.

Lactobacillus paracasei 28.4 reduces in vitro hyphae formation of Candida albicans and prevents the filamentation in an experimental model of Caenorhabditis elegans.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of microbe-microbe interactions to identify a strain of Lactobacillus that could reduce the filamentation of Candida albicans ATCC 18804 using in vitro and in vivo models. Thus presenting a probiotic effect against the fungal pathogen. First, we analyzed the ability of 25 clinical isolates of Lactobacillus to reduce filamentation in C.