HAV detection from milk-based products containing soft fruits: Comparison between four different extraction methods.

Virus detection in food requires appropriate elution and concentration techniques which need to be adapted for different food matrices. ISO/TS-15216-1:2017 and ISO/TS-15216-2:2019 describe standard methods for hepatitis A virus (HAV) research in some food only. Milk-based products containing one or more types of fruit are not covered by ISO procedures, even though they can be contaminated by fruit added to these products or by the food handlers.

Antiviral Activity of Essential Oils Against Hepatitis A Virus in Soft Fruits.

Berries have repeatedly been associated with outbreaks of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection. The fruits are usually minimally processed in the food industry due to their delicate nature. While washing treatments partially remove enteric viruses, the commonly used chemical additives produce toxic by-products.

Development and validation of species-specific molecular diagnostic tool for Opisthorchis felineus (Digenea, Opisthorchiidae) metacercariae.

Opisthorchis felineus (family Opisthorchiidae) is a parasitic flatworm representing a serious threat to humans in some countries. Opisthorchiasis occurs after consumption of raw or undercooked cyprinid fish infected by the metacercarial stage of the parasite. Due to its small size, detection of the parasite in fish fillet is time-consuming and difficult.

Detection of West Nile and Usutu Viruses in Italian Free Areas: Entomological Surveillance in Piemonte and Liguria Regions, 2014.

West Nile virus and Usutu virus have established in different parts of Italy over the past 10 years. Piemonte and Liguria Regions (Northwestern Italy) are known to be nonendemic areas, despite the presence of competent vectors and environmental conditions conducive to maintaining infection. This work evidences for the first time, through an entomological surveillance implemented on the basis of risk factor approach, the presence of West Nile and Usutu viruses in Piemonte and Liguria Regions (Northwestern Italy).

Molecular Investigation on the Presence of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Wild Game in North-Western Italy.

Meat products from HEV-infected reservoir animal species are capable of transmitting HEV to humans and represent a public health concern. Human HEV cases have been linked to the consumption of raw or undercooked pig liver sausages, pork, and game meats, such as wild boars and deer worldwide. Direct exposure to swine or wild game species might also represent a source of HEV transmission especially for veterinarians, hunters, or butchers.

Food safety considerations in relation to Anisakis pegreffii in anchovies (Engraulis encrasicolus) and sardines (Sardina pilchardus) fished off the Ligurian Coast (Cinque Terre National Park, NW Mediterranean).

Engraulis encrasicolus and Sardina pilchardus are pelagic fishes of notable economic and gastronomic importance in the northwest Mediterranean (Ligurian Sea, Italy). The consumption of thermally unprocessed or lightly processed, marinated or salted anchovies and sardines presents a potential risk to acquire anisakiasis, a fish-borne parasitic disease in humans. Prevalence and abundance of Anisakis larvae in Engraulis encrasicolus and Sardina pilchardus from the Monterosso fishing grounds (Cinque Terre National Park, Ligurian Sea, Italy) were assessed, and the larvae were identified by morphological and PCR-RFLP methods.

Granulomatous lesions in a wild mullet population from the eastern Ligurian Sea (Italy): mycobacteriosis vs. pseudotuberculosis.

Mycobacterium spp. and Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida are recognized as the most frequent causative agents of granulomatous lesions in fish.

Noroviruses in seafood: a 9-year monitoring in Italy.

Norovirus (NoV) are increasingly important as etiological agents of gastrointestinal infections. Consumption of bivalve molluscs and ready-to-eat fishery products is one of the most common ways of acquiring NoV foodborne infections, and the rise of outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis represents an important health problem that is also responsible for economic losses. The aim of this work was to define the prevalence of NoV contamination in preserved fishery products and in shellfish commercialized in Italy, taking into account the results obtained during 9 years of survey (2003-2011) and paying special attention to the regions more involved in national production.

Survey on the presence of Anisakis and Hysterothylacium larvae in fishes and squids caught in Ligurian Sea.

This study aims to investigate the occurrence of Anisakidae larvae (genera Anisakis and Hysterothylacium) in fishes and squids used for human nutrition and increase the knowledge of the distribution of Anisakidae larvae in this area of Mediterranean Sea. Distribution and correct identification of Anisakidae larvae in fish species is important for the assessment of their relative epidemiological role; especially when the fishes are of high commercial value and largely used in human nutrition. The study investigated the occurrence of Anisakidae larvae (genera Anisakis and Hysterothylacium) in 195 fishes owing to 22 different species and 60 squids (Illex coindetii) sampled in northern Ligurian Sea.

Potential risk of norovirus infection due to the consumption of "ready to eat" food.

In this study, we investigated the presence of enteric viruses such as norovirus (NoV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis E virus (HEV), and adenovirus (HAdV), in vegetables available on the Italian markets. For this aim, 110 national and international "ready to eat" samples were collected and analyzed by biomolecular tests and positive samples were confirmed by sequencing. All samples (100 %) were negative for HAV, HEV, and HAdV, while 13.

[Medical practices in the migration novels in Spain].

Starting from the analysis of three Spanish novels written by African authors emigrated in Spain, the article focuses on different medical practices adopted locally, in Africa and in Europe. El Metro, Más allá del mar de arena and Rebeldía give the different disease treatments imagine, showing, on the one hand, the official medicine, and on the other hand, the traditional medicine. In some cases, it is emphasized little contradictions, doubts, and anxieties often experienced by immigrants, even when they are faced with the type of treatment to be undertaken.

Vibrio virulence genes in fishes collected from estuarine waters in Italy.

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Vibrio vulnificus and potentially pathogenic strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in mullets collected from estuarine environment in Italy.

Methods And Results: Two hundred and ninety-five mullets were analysed by culture using the selective medium thiosulfate citrate bile salt sucrose agar, during a monitoring period of 2 years (2008-2009). Presumptive Vibrio colonies were initially identified by using biochemical tests, and strains identified as V.

Occurrence of both subspecies of Photobacterium damselae in mullets collected in the river Magra (Italy).

The natural reservoirs and biological characteristics of pathogenic populations of both subspecies of Photobacterium damselae in aquatic habitants remain unclear because of difficulties in obtaining pathogenic strains from the environment. In the present study, we assessed the occurrence of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida and Photobacterium damselae subsp.

Evaluation of Adenovirus and E. coli as indicators for human enteric viruses presence in mussels produced in La Spezia Gulf (Italy).

Aims: The purpose of this work was to verify whether E. coli is a good indicator of viral contamination in mussels and Adenovirus could represent a better alternative as indicator organism of viral presence to guarantee consumer health protection.

Methods And Results: Eighty samples of mussels from La Spezia Gulf were analysed for E.

Do perchlorate and triflate anions bind to the uranyl cation in an acidic aqueous medium? A combined EXAFS and quantum mechanical investigation.

Structural properties of uranyl cations in acidic aqueous perchlorate and triflate solutions were investigated using uranium LIII -edge extended X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) in conjunction with quantum mechanical calculations of gas-phase model complexes. EXAFS spectra were measured in aqueous solutions of up to 10 M triflic and 11.5 M perchloric acid, as well as mixtures of perchloric acid and sodium perchlorate.