Deep sedation in lateral position for preterm infants during cerebral magnetic resonance imaging: a pilot study.

Introduction: Respiratory adverse events are common during the sedation of preterm babies, often needing active airway support. During magnetic resonance imaging, this occurrence could extend the acquisition time, with a negative impact on the thermic and metabolic homeostasis. The aim of the study is to verify if lying in a lateral position instead of supine could improve the safe quality of sedation, without worsening the quality of imaging.

Clinical Evaluation of Oral Midazolam Containing Cyclodextrin in Pediatric Magnetic Resonance: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Reducing a child's level of anxiety before magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedures allows for better behavioral outcomes. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate anxiolytic efficacy of Midazolam/γ-cyclodextrin oral formulation.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 100 medical charts of children who, between 1 February and 31 July 2022, underwent MRI under general anesthesia with or without premedication with midazolam/γ-cyclodextrin.

State of the Art in Pediatric Anesthesia: A Narrative Review about the Use of Preoperative Time.

This review delves into the challenge of pediatric anesthesia, underscoring the necessity for tailored perioperative approaches due to children's distinctive anatomical and physiological characteristics. Because of the vulnerability of pediatric patients to critical incidents during anesthesia, provider skills are of primary importance. Yet, almost equal importance must be granted to the adoption of a careful preanesthetic mindset toward patients and their families that recognizes the interwoven relationship between children and parents.

Pediatric robotic surgery: issues in management-expert consensus from the Italian Society of Pediatric and Neonatal Anesthesia and Intensive Care (SARNePI) and the Italian Society of Pediatric Surgery (SICP).

Background: Pediatric robotic-assisted surgeries have increased in recent years; however, guidance documents are still lacking. This study aimed to develop evidence-based recommendations, or best practice statements when evidence is lacking or inadequate, to assist surgical teams internationally.

Methods: A joint consensus taskforce of anesthesiologists and surgeons from the Italian Society of Pediatric and Neonatal Anesthesia and Intensive Care (SARNePI) and the Italian Society of Pediatric Surgery (SICP) have identified critical areas and reviewed the available evidence.

Children and neonates anesthesia in magnetic resonance environment in Italy: an active call survey.

Background: Pediatric anesthesia care in the Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a challenge for clinicians. The recent debate about the role of anesthetic agent on neural development, encouraged an evaluation of their actual activity in this environment. In this active call survey, the authors sought to delineate the Italian situation regarding national centers, staff involved, monitoring tools available and sedation techniques.

The scalp block for postoperative pain control in craniosynostosis surgery: a case control study.

Purpose: Postoperative analgesia after corrective surgery of pediatric craniosynostosis is crucial in terms of short- and long-term outcomes. The objective of this observational study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an analgesic technique based on the scalp block versus traditional pharmacological approach.

Methods: Thirteen patients, aged between 3 months and 2 years, undergoing surgical correction of craniosynostosis, received scalp nerve block before awakening (scalp block group).

Minimizing stress with remifentanil in a patient with Takotsubo undergoing ophthalmic surgery.

Anesthesiological management of patients with Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is a challenge of questions related to physiopathology, prognosis, and trigger causes. Relative rarity of this disease and lack of wide literature do not allow to state any negative or positive effect of the variety of drugs available for anesthesia. The authors report a case of a woman with a clear diagnosis of TTS and anxiety disorder, who underwent to cataract extractions at both eyes at two different times.

Phenylephrine eye drops in pediatric patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery: incidence, presentation, and management of complications during general anesthesia.

Background: Phenylephrine eye drops are widely used as mydriatic agent to reach the posterior segment of the eye. In literature, many reports suggest a systemic absorption of this agent as a source of severe adverse drug reactions. Hence, we reviewed our experience with topical phenylephrine in ophthalmic surgery.

Experience of remifentanil in extremely low-birth-weight babies undergoing laparotomy.

Premature babies experience pain and require adequate analgesia for any painful procedure. Fentanyl and morphine resulted in safe and effective anesthesia in the past; however, their pharmacokinetics may be impaired in preterm babies with multiorgan failure. Remifentanil, despite the absence of available pharmacokinetic data in preterm infants and few reports in newborns, demonstrated its advantages in children undergoing either major surgery or minor painful procedures and has been shown to be useful even in neonates, because its elimination is independent of organ function.

Capnography and the bispectral index-their role in pediatric sedation: a brief review.

Sedation in children is increasingly emerging as a minimally invasive technique that may be associated with local anaesthesia or diagnostic and therapeutic procedures which do not necessarily require general anaesthesia. Standard monitoring requirements are not sufficient to ensure an effective control of pulmonary ventilation and deep sedation. Capnography in pediatric sedation assesses the effect of different drugs on the occurrence of respiratory failure and records early indicators of respiratory impairment.

Remifentanil in neonatal intensive care and anaesthesia practice.

Unlabelled: Remifentanil is a relatively new ultrashort action synthetic opioid. Studies on the use of remifentanil in neonatology have emerged demonstrating its effectiveness and safety in neonates. The present study describes the use of remifentanil in both full-term and premature newborns, highlighting the theoretical benefits for this population in terms of both neonatal intensive care and anaesthesia.

Mydriasis induced by sub-Tenon's ropivacaine injection in patients undergoing strabismus surgery.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of sub-Tenon's capsule ropivacaine injection on pupillary diameter in strabismus surgery.

Methods: A total of 16 patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups. The ropivacaine group (R) received sub-Tenon's ropivacaine 1% (2.

Remifentanil in children.

Remifentanil has gained the confidence of anesthesiologists and has given a real opportunity to change the way anesthesia is given. It can be considered the ideal opioid despite many obstacles to pediatric use: the condition of 'off-label', the lack of wide randomized clinical trials, and the fear of adverse events because of its high potency. Experiences in the field with this opioid over the years encouraged its use.