Conservative management of primary malignant melanoma of the bladder: a case report.

Background: Primary malignant melanoma (PMM) of the bladder represents a very rare clinic-pathologic entity. Given the rarity of the disease, the best treatment option is not well recognized.

Case Presentation: We describe a case of neoplasm of the bladder in a 74 years-old Caucasian man presenting with massive hematuria.

Non-invasive diagnostic tests for bladder cancer: a review of the literature.

Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is the second most common malignancy of the genitourinary tract. Cystoscopy and urine cytology are the traditional most used techniques for diagnosis and surveillance of superficial bladder cancer. Urine cytology is specific for diagnosis of bladder cancer but sensitivity results not high, particularly in low-grade disease.

[BTA tests in the diagnosis and follow-up of superficial bladder cancer].

We reviewed the literature on Bladder Tumor Antigen (BTA Trak and STat) tests to evaluate the usefulness of such tests in the diagnosis and follow-up of bladder cancer and to compare these tests to routine diagnostic tools. We also report our experience on BTA tests in monitoring tumor recurrence of superficial bladder cancer in 194 patients: a correlation between an augmented risk of tumor recurrence and serial measurements of BTA Trak and positive BTA Stat have been identified. According to the available data, BTA tests can be useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of superficial bladder cancer.