A cytomics-on-a-chip platform and diagnostic model stratifies risk for oral lichenoid conditions.

Objective: A small fraction of oral lichenoid conditions (OLC) have potential for malignant transformation. Distinguishing OLCs from other oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) can help prevent unnecessary concern or testing, but accurate identification by nonexpert clinicians is challenging due to overlapping clinical features. In this study, the authors developed a 'cytomics-on-a-chip' tool and integrated predictive model for aiding the identification of OLCs.

A brief review of cytology in dentistry.

Oral cytology is a non-invasive adjunctive diagnostic tool with a number of potential applications in the practice of dentistry. This brief review begins with a history of cytology in medicine and how cytology was initially applied in oral medicine. A description of the different technical aspects of oral cytology is provided, including the collection and processing of oral cytological samples, and the microscopic interpretation and reporting, along with their advantages and limitations.

Oncogenes overexpressed in metastatic oral cancers from patients with pain: potential pain mediators released in exosomes.

Oral cancer patients experience pain at the site of the primary cancer. Patients with metastatic oral cancers report greater pain. Lack of pain identifies patients at low risk of metastasis with sensitivity = 0.

Point-of-care oral cytology tool for the screening and assessment of potentially malignant oral lesions.

Background: The effective detection and monitoring of potentially malignant oral lesions (PMOL) are critical to identifying early-stage cancer and improving outcomes. In the current study, the authors described cytopathology tools, including machine learning algorithms, clinical algorithms, and test reports developed to assist pathologists and clinicians with PMOL evaluation.

Methods: Data were acquired from a multisite clinical validation study of 999 subjects with PMOLs and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using a cytology-on-a-chip approach.

World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII: Targeting the microbiome for oral medicine specialists-Part 1. A methodological guide.

Advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have allowed for a rapid increase in knowledge about the human microbiome in both healthy and diseased states, which is expected to increase our understanding of multifactorial diseases. The World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII chose the microbiome as one of its topics of focus. Part 1 of this review provides updated knowledge in the field of microbiome research, describes the advantages and disadvantages of currently available sequencing technologies, and proposes a seven-step "recipe" for designing and performing studies that is supported by contemporary evidence.

World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII: Targeting the oral microbiome Part 2: Current knowledge on malignant and potentially malignant oral disorders.

Objective: The World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII chose the oral microbiome as a focus area. Part 1 presents the methodological state of the science for oral microbiome studies. Part 2 was guided by the question: What is currently known about the microbiome associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma and potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa?

Materials And Methods: A scoping review methodology was followed to identify and analyse relevant studies on the composition and potential functions of the oral microbiota using high-throughput sequencing techniques.

Development of a cytology-based multivariate analytical risk index for oral cancer.

Objectives: The diagnosis and management of oral cavity cancers are often complicated by the uncertainty of which patients will undergo malignant transformation, obligating close surveillance over time. However, serial biopsies are undesirable, highly invasive, and subject to inherent issues with poor inter-pathologist agreement and unpredictability as a surrogate for malignant transformation and clinical outcomes. The goal of this study was to develop and evaluate a Multivariate Analytical Risk Index for Oral Cancer (MARIO) with potential to provide non-invasive, sensitive, and quantitative risk assessments for monitoring lesion progression.

'Cytology-on-a-chip' based sensors for monitoring of potentially malignant oral lesions.

Unlabelled: Despite significant advances in surgical procedures and treatment, long-term prognosis for patients with oral cancer remains poor, with survival rates among the lowest of major cancers. Better methods are desperately needed to identify potential malignancies early when treatments are more effective.

Objective: To develop robust classification models from cytology-on-a-chip measurements that mirror diagnostic performance of gold standard approach involving tissue biopsy.

Oral submucous fibrosis: a review of the current management and possible directions for novel therapies.

This literature review addresses the attempted interventions for the management of oral submucous fibrosis. The literature supports the use of several medical interventions, including micronutrients, antioxidants, proteolytic enzymes, immune modulators (mainly steroids), and agents to promote blood flow. However, the numbers of reported randomized controlled trials are limited.

Oral medicine (stomatology) across the globe: birth, growth, and future.

Oral medicine (stomatology) is a recognized and increasingly important dental specialty in many parts of the world that recognizes and fosters the interplay between medical health and oral health. Its dental activities rely greatly on the underlying biology of disease and evidence-based outcomes. However, full recognition of the importance of oral medicine to patient care, research, and education is not yet totally universally acknowledged.

Interobserver agreement in dysplasia grading: toward an enhanced gold standard for clinical pathology trials.

Objective: Interobserver agreement in the context of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) grading has been notoriously unreliable and can impose barriers for developing new molecular markers and diagnostic technologies. This paper aimed to report the details of a 3-stage histopathology review and adjudication process with the goal of achieving a consensus histopathologic diagnosis of each biopsy.

Study Design: Two adjacent serial histologic sections of oral lesions from 846 patients were independently scored by 2 different pathologists from a pool of 4.

World Workshop on Oral Medicine VI: clinical implications of medication-induced salivary gland dysfunction.

Objective: This study aimed to systematically review the available literature on the clinical implications of medication-induced salivary gland dysfunction (MISGD).

Study Design: The systematic review was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science (through June 2013). Studies were assessed for degree of relevance and strength of evidence, based on whether clinical implications of MISGD were the primary study outcomes, as well as on the appropriateness of study design and sample size.

World Workshop on Oral Medicine VI: an international validation study of clinical competencies for advanced training in oral medicine.

Objective: To explore international consensus for the validation of clinical competencies for advanced training in Oral Medicine.

Study Design: An electronic survey of clinical competencies was designed. The survey was sent to and completed by identified international stakeholders during a 10-week period.

Changes in abundance of oral microbiota associated with oral cancer.

Individual bacteria and shifts in the composition of the microbiome have been associated with human diseases including cancer. To investigate changes in the microbiome associated with oral cancers, we profiled cancers and anatomically matched contralateral normal tissue from the same patient by sequencing 16S rDNA hypervariable region amplicons. In cancer samples from both a discovery and a subsequent confirmation cohort, abundance of Firmicutes (especially Streptococcus) and Actinobacteria (especially Rothia) was significantly decreased relative to contralateral normal samples from the same patient.

Standard examination and adjunctive techniques for detection of oral premalignant and malignant lesions.

This article outlines how to perform a standard comprehensive extraoral and intraoral examination and the existing commercially available adjunctive techniques for the early detection of oral cancer and premalignant lesions. Visualization-based techniques (e.g.

EDNRB and DCC salivary rinse hypermethylation has a similar performance as expert clinical examination in discrimination of oral cancer/dysplasia versus benign lesions.

Purpose: Promoter hypermethylation has been recently proposed as a means for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) detection in salivary rinses. In a prospective study of a high-risk population, we showed that endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB) promoter methylation in salivary rinses is a useful biomarker for oral cancer and premalignancy.

Experimental Design: Using that cohort, we evaluated EDNRB methylation status and 8 additional genes.

Oral medicine: defining an emerging specialty in the United States.

Oral medicine is a specialized area of study within the scope of dental medicine. This discipline is often viewed as the crossroads between medicine and dentistry and has become integral in both pre-and postdoctoral dental education. Oral medicine is recognized as a dental specialty throughout most of the world and currently represents an emerging specialty in the United States.

Severe and rapid erosion of dental enamel from swimming: a clinical report.

The diagnosis and treatment of a patient with excessive and rapid erosion of enamel is presented. Although the Center for Disease Control and the dental literature have reported on dental enamel erosion resulting from swimming pool chlorination, the awareness of such etiology among dental professionals may be limited. Common findings in these reports include cold sensitivity, a distinctive appearance resembling laminate veneer preparations of the facial surfaces of anterior teeth, occurrence of diastemas, and at times, a rough or gritty texture of the remaining tooth structure.