Additive Manufacturing of Mechanically Isotropic Thin Films and Membranes via Microextrusion 3D Printing of Polymer Solutions.

Polymer extrusion additive manufacturing processes, such as fused filament fabrication (FFF), are now being used to explore the fabrication of thin films and membranes. However, the physics of molten polymer extrusion constrains achievable thin film properties (e.g.