Early changes in the gut microbiota are associated with weight outcomes over 2 years following metabolic and bariatric surgery.

Objective: Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is associated with substantial, but variable, weight outcomes. The gut microbiome may be a factor in determining weight trajectory, but examination has been limited by a lack of longitudinal studies with robust microbiome sequencing. This study aimed to describe changes in the microbiome and associations with weight outcomes more than 2 years post surgery.

Evaluating the role of binge planning and binge inevitability within affect regulation models of binge eating.

Affect regulation models posit that aversive affective states drive binge-eating behavior, which then regulates negative emotions. However, recent findings among individuals with binge-eating disorder (BED) suggest that food-related anticipatory processes may precede and potentially explain the negative affect thought to drive binge eating. Specifically, studies using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) demonstrate that the negative affective state of "Guilt" (from the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) most strongly predicts later binge eating in the natural environment, and it has been hypothesized that planning a binge or feeling that a binge-eating episode is inventible may account for the increases in Guilt observed prior to binge episodes.

Examining the bidirectional longitudinal associations between body mass index and episodic memory following bariatric surgery.

Background: The relationship between obesity and episodic memory (i.e., conscious memory for specific events) is hypothesized to be bidirectional.

Disordered eating behavior and dietary intake prior to metabolic and bariatric surgery.

Background: Disordered eating is a concern for patients seeking metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), but little is known about how these behaviors are reflected in typical dietary intake prior to surgery.

Objectives: This study examined the relationships between disordered eating behavior and the content and context of typical dietary intake among patients seeking MBS using an innovative combination of rigorous self-report and interview assessments.

Setting: Participants were recruited from two academic medical centers in the United States.

An examination of state and trait urgency in individuals with binge-eating disorder.

Objective: Negative urgency (i.e., acting rashly when experiencing negative affect; NU), is a theorised maintenance factor in binge-eating type eating disorders.

Changes in evening-shifted loss of control eating severity following treatment for binge-eating disorder.

Background: Loss of control eating is more likely to occur in the evening and is uniquely associated with distress. No studies have examined the effect of treatment on within-day timing of loss of control eating severity. We examined whether time of day differentially predicted loss of control eating severity at baseline (i.

Momentary skills use predicts decreased binge eating and purging early in day treatment: An ecological momentary assessment study.

Objective: Emerging research indicates that skills acquisition may be important to behavior change in cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for eating disorders. This study investigated whether skills use assessed in real time during the initial 4 weeks of CBT-based day treatment was associated with momentary eating disorder behavior change and rapid response to treatment.

Methods: Participants with DSM-5 bulimia nervosa or purging disorder (N = 58) completed ecological momentary assessments (EMA) several times daily for the first 28 days of treatment.

The Impact of Medicaid Expansion Under the Affordable Care Act on the Gap Between American Indians and Whites in Breast Cancer Management and Prognosis.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) death rates in the USA have not significantly declined for American Indians (AIs) in comparison to Whites. Our objective was to determine whether Medicaid Expansion as part of the Affordable Care Act led to improved BC outcomes for AIs relative to Whites.

Patients And Methods: Using the National Cancer Database, we conducted a retrospective cohort study.

Assessment and treatment of compulsive exercise in anorexia nervosa - A combined investigation of Compulsive Exercise Activity Therapy (LEAP) and Compulsive Exercise Test subscales.

Introduction: Compulsive exercise is a transdiagnostic feature of eating disorders which adversely affects aspects of recovery, such as length of hospitalisation, risk of a chronic outcome, and risk of relapse. CompuLsive Exercise Activity TheraPy (LEAP) aims to reduce compulsive exercise through a cognitive behavioural approach. This study aims to investigate the effect of LEAP on compulsive exercise behaviour using subscales of the Compulsive Exercise Test (CET), a measure of exercise in individuals with eating disorders.

Evaluating dietary restriction as a maintaining factor in binge-eating disorder.

Objective: Prominent theories of binge-eating (BE) maintenance highlight dietary restriction as a key precipitant of BE episodes. Consequently, treatment approaches for eating disorders (including binge-eating disorder; BED) seek to reduce dietary restriction in order to improve BE symptoms. The present study tested the hypothesis that dietary restriction promotes BE among 112 individuals with BED.

Managing the common problem of co-occurring mental health conditions in eating disorders: A commentary on Wade et al. (2023).

It is well known that individuals with an eating disorder frequently experience a wide range of co-occurring mental health conditions which significantly impact eating disorders and quality of life. Clinicians attempt a variety of strategies to deal with the behavioral complexity of such co-occurrence, but little is known about empirically based interventions to treat this common comorbidity. The approach articulated by Wade and Colleagues highlights a potentially valuable strategy for empirically examining a range of treatment strategies to target the full spectrum of eating disorder psychopathology experienced by most patients with eating disorders.

Longer-Term Weight Loss Outcomes Are Not Primarily Driven by Diet Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is the most effective long-term treatment for Class III obesity. Reduced dietary intake is considered a behavioral driver of post-surgical weight loss, but limited data have examined this association. Therefore, this study examined prospective, longitudinal relationships between dietary intake and weight loss over 24 months following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Causal discovery analysis: A promising tool in advancing precision medicine for eating disorders.

Objective: Precision medicine (i.e., individually tailored treatments) represents an optimal goal for treating complex psychiatric disorders, including eating disorders.

Examining sex differences in the association between sedentary behavior and cognitive function in bariatric surgery patients.

Background: Obesity is associated with cognitive impairment. A potential contributor to these deficits is sedentary behavior (SB), which is linked to poorer cognitive functioning in other populations. Little is known about the association between SB and cognitive function in bariatric surgery populations.

Differences in Breast Cancers Among American Indian/Alaska Native and non-Hispanic Whites in the USA.

Importance: Breast cancer (BC) death rates have not improved for American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) women, whereas, it has significantly decreased for non-Hispanic White (White) women.

Objective: Delineate the differences in patient and tumor characteristics among AI/AN and Whites with BC, and its impact on age and stage at diagnosis as well as overall survival (OS).

Methods: Hospital-based, cohort study using the National Cancer Database to identify female AI/AN and Whites diagnosed with BC between the years 2004 and 2016.

Ecological momentary assessment of mood regulation eating expectancies in eating disorders: Convergent and predictive validity.

Objective: Eating expectancies (EE) are the anticipation of various benefits or detriments from eating, with mood regulation being a salient type of EE associated with eating disorders. This study examined the convergent and predictive validity of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) mood regulation EE items, including mood improvement and mood worsening EE.

Methods: Thirty women with binge-eating pathology completed a 14-day EMA protocol, which included measures of mood regulation EE, affect, appetite, appearance- and body-related factors and disordered-eating behaviours.

Associations Between Changes in Activity and Dietary Behaviors after Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery.

Introduction: Patients who undergo metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) are advised to make healthy activity and dietary changes. While previous research has examined post-surgical changes in activity and dietary behaviors separately, no study has assessed whether changes in these behaviors are beneficially associated with each other. We evaluated whether post-surgical improvements in activity behaviors related to favorable changes in dietary behaviors overall and by surgery type (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [RYGB], sleeve gastrectomy [SG]).

Examining the role of craving in affect regulation models of binge eating: Evidence from an ecological momentary assessment study.

Affect regulation models hypothesize that aversive affective states drive binge-eating behavior, which serves to regulate unpleasant emotions. Research using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) demonstrates that increases in guilt most strongly predict subsequent binge-eating episodes, raising the question: why would individuals with binge-eating pathology engage in a binge-eating episode when they feel guilty? Food craving is a robust predictor of binge eating and is commonly associated with subsequent feelings of guilt. The current study used EMA to test the hypothesis that food craving may promote increased feelings of guilt, which then predict an increased risk of binge eating within a sample of 109 individuals with binge-eating disorder.

Examining the momentary relationships between body checking and eating disorder symptoms in women with anorexia nervosa.

Body checking is common among individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and increases risk for dietary restriction. However, no study has examined whether body checking increases the immediate risk for engaging in other harmful weight loss behaviors, or whether this relationship is moderated by person-level traits. The current study utilized ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine whether (a) body checking predicted rapid use of weight loss behaviors, and (b) whether eating-related obsessionality/compulsivity moderated this relationship.

Time-of-day and day-of-week patterns of binge eating and relevant psychological vulnerabilities in binge-eating disorder.

Objective: The present study sought to characterize the temporal patterns of binge eating and theorized maintenance factors among individuals with binge-eating disorder (BED).

Method: Ecological momentary assessment of 112 individuals and mixed-effects models were used to characterize the within- and between-day temporal patterns of eating behaviors (binge eating, loss of control only eating, and overeating only), positive and negative affect, emotion regulation difficulty, and food craving.

Results: Risk for binge eating and overeating only was highest around 5:30 p.

Identifying transdiagnostically relevant risk and protective factors for internalizing psychopathology: An umbrella review of longitudinal meta-analyses.

Internalizing mental disorders are highly comorbid with one another, and evidence suggests that etiological processes contributing to these disorders often overlap. This systematic umbrella review aimed to synthesize meta-analytic evidence from observational longitudinal studies to provide a comprehensive overview of potentially modifiable risk and protective factors across the depressive, anxiety, and eating disorder psychopathology domains. Six databases were searched from inception to August 2022.

Deficits in cognitive control during alcohol consumption after bariatric surgery.

Background: While bariatric surgery results in substantial weight loss, one negative side effect of surgery is that patients often experience more rapid and intense intoxication effects after consuming alcohol.

Objectives: Given that alcohol use has been associated with impaired cognitive functioning in the general population, this study examined whether acute alcohol consumption after bariatric surgery immediately led to impaired cognitive control, and whether this effect was impacted by baseline levels of cognitive control.

Setting: Nonprofit teaching hospital, United States.