Translation and validation of the Bahasa Malaysia version of the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scale (M-NOSE).

Background: The Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) is a questionnaire to assess patients with nasal obstruction. The aim of this study was to translate and validate NOSE to the Malay version NOSE (M-NOSE).

Methods: The NOSE questionnaire was translated to Malay language and back to English.

Pseudotumor of the Infratemporal Fossa Complicated with Orbital Apex Syndromes.

Background: The infratemporal fossa poses a great challenge to surgeons due to its complex anatomy and communications to many surrounding areas. The disorders that arise from this area can be infections and neoplasms. They can cause varieties of complications due to the extension of the pathologies and compression effect to the other adjacent structures.

Posterior Ethmoid Nodular Fasciitis.

Nodular fasciitis (NF) is an uncommon and benign tumour-like fibroblastic proliferation that is difficult to distinguish from sarcoma both clinically and histologically. In addition, it is a type of lesion characterised by having a potential for spontaneous regression. NF is frequently misdiagnosed due to its rapid growth, rich cellularity, and mitotic figure.

A Rare Intraorbital Mass: An Isolated Mucocele.

Mucocele is a mucous filled benign cystic lesion. It develops due to obstruction of any natural os-tium of the paranasal sinus. Even though being benign, it has capability to erode and cause thinning the adjacent bony structures.

The effect of mild hearing loss on academic performance in primary school children.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of mild hearing loss and its association with academic performance among primary school children.

Patients And Methods: A comparative cross sectional study was conducted on standard (grade) five school children in a state in Malaysia. Five schools were selected by using simple random sampling.