Mono- and bi-plane sonographic approach for difficult accesses in the emergency department - A randomized trial.

Background: The insertion of peripheral intravenous (PIV) catheters is one of the most performed invasive procedures in acute healthcare settings. However, peripheral difficult vascular access (PDVA) is not uncommon and can lead to delays in administering essential medications. Ultrasound (US) has emerged as a valuable tool for facilitating PIV cannulation.