Daidzein and Equol: Ex Vivo and In Silico Approaches Targeting COX-2, iNOS, and the Canonical Inflammasome Signaling Pathway.

Background: The inflammasome is a cytosolic multiprotein complex associated with multiple autoimmune diseases. Phytochemical compounds in soy () foods, such as isoflavones, have been reported for their anti-inflammatory properties.

Aim: the anti-inflammatory activity of DZ (daidzein) and EQ (equol) were investigated in an ex vivo model of LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages and by molecular docking correlation.

Dietary oleacein, a secoiridoid from extra virgin olive oil, prevents collagen-induced arthritis in mice.

Olacein (OLA), one of the main secoiridoids derived from extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), has been shown to modulate oxidative and inflammatory responses in various pathological conditions; however, its potential benefit in joint disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is unknown. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the preventive role of the effects of an OLA-supplemented diet in the murine model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), delving into the possible mechanisms and signaling pathways involved. Animals were fed an OLA-enriched preventive diet for 6 weeks prior to CIA induction and until the end of the experimental time course.

Pharmacological hyperprolactinemia: a retrospective analysis of 501 hyperprolactinemia cases in primary care setting.

Purpose: To describe a series of cases with pharmacological hyperprolactinemia in primary care setting and the prolactin levels, clinical implications of different causes of pharmacological hyperprolactinemia.

Methods: A retrospective study of all patients with detected hyperprolactinemia in hormonal studies was performed between 2019 and 2020 in 20 Spanish primary care centers. Hyperprolactinemia is defined as a serum prolactin >19.

Unravelling hip-spine bone mineral density discordance in people living with HIV.

Introduction: In people living with HIV (PLWH), bone mineral density (BMD) discordance between the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) could be frequent given the high frequency of secondary osteoporosis, including HIV-related factors for bone disease.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective cohort of PLWH with a dual X-ray absorptiometry scan. Hip-spine BMD discordance was defined as different T-score or Z-scores categories at LS and FN.

CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses in bone marrow to fatty acids in high-fat diets.

Obesity is associated with disruptions in the adaptive immune system; however, dietary fatty acids in high-fat diets (HFDs) that induce obesity have consequences that are currently unclear regarding T-cell maintenance in bone marrow (BM). C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to isocaloric HFDs formulated with dietary fats rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), or MUFAs supplemented with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids for 20 weeks, followed by an analysis of the immunophenotypic feature of lymphocytes (CD3) T and their subsets CD4 and CD8 T cells in spleen and BM, identification of fatty acids in BM extracellular fluid and analysis of the correspondence between fatty acids with the frequency of T-cell subsets in BM. Splenic CD3 T cells were reduced irrespective of HFDs.

Serum zinc and copper in people with COVID-19 and zinc supplementation in parenteral nutrition.

Objectives: Zinc and copper are important to protect cells from oxidative stress and to enhance immunity. An association between low zinc levels and the severity of acute respiratory distress syndrome has been shown for people with COVID-19. We aimed to study serum zinc and copper concentrations in people with severe COVID-19 and zinc supplementation in parenteral nutrition (PN).

MUFAs in High-Fat Diets Protect against Obesity-Induced Bias of Hematopoietic Cell Lineages.

Scope: The role of dietary fatty acids in the generation of bone marrow (BM) immune cells and their trafficking to extramedullary compartments in the obesity is not yet fully understood.

Methods And Results: C57BL/6J mice are randomly assigned to isocaloric high-fat diets (HFDs) formulate with dietary fats rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) or MUFAs fortified with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids for 20 weeks, followed by profiling of the obese metabolic phenotype and immunophenotypic features of immune cells in blood, spleen, and BM. All HFDs induce an obese phenotype, but it becomes largely less disruptive after the HFDs are enriched in MUFAs, which also induce signs of granulopoiesis and an expansion of long-term hematopoietic stem and granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells in BM.

Dietary Oleocanthal Supplementation Prevents Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice.

Oleocanthal (OLE), a characteristic and exclusive secoiridoid of family, is mainly found in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). Previous studies have reported its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer and neuroprotective effects. Since the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) involves inflammatory and oxidative components, this study was designed to evaluate the preventive role of dietary OLE-supplemented effects in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) murine model.

A New Peracetylated Oleuropein Derivative Ameliorates Joint Inflammation and Destruction in a Murine Collagen-Induced Arthritis Model via Activation of the Nrf-2/Ho-1 Antioxidant Pathway and Suppression of MAPKs and NF-κB Activation.

Oleuropein (OL), an olive tree secoiridoid and its peracetylated derivate (Per-OL) have exhibited several beneficial effects on LPS-stimulated macrophages and murine experimental systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study was designed to evaluate dietary Per-OL in comparison with OL supplementation effects on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) murine model. Three-weeks-old DBA-1/J male mice were fed from weaning with a standard commercial diet or experimental enriched-diets in 0.

Amoxicillin and Clarithromycin Mucoadhesive Delivery System for Infection in a Mouse Model: Characterization, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy.

is the main pathogen responsible for gastric ulcers and a predisposing factor of stomach cancer. Although current treatment is usually successful, it requires high doses and frequent administration. An innovative mucoadhesive system (Mucolast) loaded with amoxicillin and clarithromycin is proposed to improve the efficacy of treatment against .

Oleuropein and its peracetylated derivative negatively regulate osteoclastogenesis by controlling the expression of genes involved in osteoclast differentiation and function.

During chronic inflammation, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) have well established effects on gene networks that stimulate osteoclastogenesis, which is the culprit of several bone diseases. In this study, we investigated the anti-osteoclastogenic effects in vitro of oleuropein (OL) and its peracetylated derivative (Per-OL) by exploring the expression level of key hub genes involved in fate decision and lineage commitment, differentiation, and function of human blood monocyte-derived osteoclasts. Monocytes were purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy individuals using commercial antibodies coated with magnetic beads and treated with M-CSF/RANKL in the presence or absence of OL or Per-OL (25 and 50 μM) for 6 days.

Virgin Olive Oil and Health: Summary of the III International Conference on Virgin Olive Oil and Health Consensus Report, JAEN (Spain) 2018.

The Mediterranean diet is considered as the foremost dietary regimen and its adoption is associated with the prevention of degenerative diseases and an extended longevity. The preeminent features of the Mediterranean diet have been agreed upon and the consumption of olive oil stands out as the most peculiar one. Indeed, the use of olive oil as the nearly exclusive dietary fat is what mostly characterizes the Mediterranean area.

Quercus ilex Extract Ameliorates Acute TNBS-Induced Colitis in Rats.

L. (Fagaceae) is one of the most commonly used plants in folk medicine in the Mediterranean region to treat gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a polyphenol extract from mature leaves of on acute 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in rats.

Preventive effect of bergenin against the development of TNBS-induced acute colitis in rats is associated with inflammatory mediators inhibition and NLRP3/ASC inflammasome signaling pathways.

Ulcerative colitis is an idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by intestinal inflammation; blocking this inflammatory process may be the key to the development of new naturally occurring anti-inflammatory drugs, with greater efficiency and lower side effects. The objective of this study is to explore the effects of bergenin (BG) in TNBS (2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid)-induced acute colitis model in rats in order to assist in the studies for the development of novel natural product therapies for inflammatory bowel disease. 48 Wistar rats were randomized into six groups: (i) Control and (ii) TNBS control; (iii) 5-ASA 100 mg/kg/day (iv) BG 12 mg/kg/day (v) BG 25 mg/kg/day and (vi) BG 50 mg/kg/day.

Polyphenolic extract from extra virgin olive oil inhibits the inflammatory response in IL-1β-activated synovial fibroblasts.

The polyphenolic extract (PE) from extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has been shown to possess important anti-inflammatory and joint protective properties in murine models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was designed to evaluate the effects of PE on IL-1β-activated human synovial fibroblasts SW982 cell line. PE from EVOO treatment inhibited IL-1β-induced matrix metalloproteases (P<0·001), TNF-α and IL-6 production (P<0·001).

Beneficial changes on plasma apolipoproteins A and B, high density lipoproteins and oxidized low density lipoproteins in obese women after bariatric surgery: comparison between gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy.

Background: The beneficial effects in lipid profiles after obesity surgery might be associated with the decrease in cardiovascular risk. However, direct comparison between different surgical techniques has not been extensively performed.

Methods: In the present study we compare 20 obese women submitted to laparoscopic Roux en Y gastric bypass (RYGB) with 20 women submitted to sleeve gastrectomy (SG).

Increased prevalence of asymptomatic vertebral fractures in HIV-infected patients over 50 years of age.

Unlabelled: The prevalence of asymptomatic vertebral fracture in HIV-infected patients over 50 was 20%, associated with older age, male sex, longer time since HIV diagnosis, and tubular renal alterations. Vertebral fractures were independent of osteoporosis at lumbar spine, and were not predicted by the use of the FRAX equation.

Purpose: Vertebral fractures (VF) are the hallmark of osteoporotic fractures.

Peracetylated hydroxytyrosol, a new hydroxytyrosol derivate, attenuates LPS-induced inflammatory response in murine peritoneal macrophages via regulation of non-canonical inflammasome, Nrf2/HO1 and JAK/STAT signaling pathways.

The present study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of a new derivative of hydroxytyrosol (HTy), peracetylated hydroxytyrosol (Per-HTy), compared with its parent, HTy, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophages as well as potential signaling pathways involved. In particular, we attempted to characterize the role of the inflammasome underlying Per-HTy possible anti-inflammatory effects. Isolated murine peritoneal macrophages were treated with HTy or its derivative in the presence or absence of LPS (5 μg/ml) for 18 h.

Correction: Oleuropein down-regulated IL-1β-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in human synovial fibroblast cell line SW982.

Correction for 'Oleuropein down-regulated IL-1β-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in human synovial fibroblast cell line SW982' by Maria Luisa Castejón, et al., Food Funct., 2017, DOI: 10.

Oleuropein down-regulated IL-1β-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in human synovial fibroblast cell line SW982.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease mainly characterized by aggressive hyperproliferation of synovial fibroblasts (SFs). It is accompained by a massive infiltration of inflammatory immune cells inducing progressive matrix degradation, destruction of cartilage and bone erosion through the production of inflammatory mediators. Oleuropein is the most prevalent phenolic component in olive leaves, seed, pulp and peel of unripe olives and is responsible for the characteristic bitter taste of unprocessed olives.

Extra virgin olive oil: a key functional food for prevention of immune-inflammatory diseases.

Nowadays, it is clear that an unhealthy diet is one of the prime factors that contributes to the rise of inflammatory diseases and autoimmunity in the populations of both developed and developing countries. The Mediterranean diet has been associated with a reduced incidence of certain pathologies related to chronic inflammation and the immune system. Olive oil, the principal source of dietary lipids of the Mediterranean diet, possesses a high nutritional quality and a particular composition, which is especially relevant in the case of Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO).

An update on dietary phenolic compounds in the prevention and management of rheumatoid arthritis.

Certain nutritional components influence the cellular metabolism and interfere in the pathological inflammatory process, so that they may act as a coadjuvant in the treatment of many chronic inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Particularly, a wide range of evidence has demonstrated the beneficial roles of dietary phenolic compounds in RA because of their ability to modulate pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory pathways reducing the onset of arthritic disease progression. These natural phenolic compounds can modulate both the action and the production of inflammatory mediators either directly or indirectly by modulating the action of other molecules involved in RA pathology.

Apigenin supplementation protects the development of dextran sulfate sodium-induced murine experimental colitis by inhibiting canonical and non-canonical inflammasome signaling pathways.

The present study was designed to elucidate the protective effects of dietary apigenin (API) enrichment in a chronic colitis model induced by DSS in mice. Inflammatory mediators and the possible role of canonical and non-canonical NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways in the beneficial effects of API under chronic inflammatory conditions were also explored. Six-week-old mice were randomized in four dietary groups: sham and control groups received standard diet (SD), and other two groups were fed with API at 0.

Bone mineral density decline according to renal tubular dysfunction and phosphaturia in tenofovir-exposed HIV-infected patients.

Introduction: The mechanisms underlying the effect of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) on the decline of bone mineral density (BMD) have not been established, especially the effect of renal tubular dysfunction.

Methods: Longitudinal study of 90 patients with two successive dual X-ray absorptiometry scans after evaluation of serum and urinary parameters (proteinuria, albuminuria, phosphaturia, uricosuria, glycosuria, β-2-microglobulin, and retinol-binding protein).

Results: After a median of 38 months on TDF, osteopenia at spine and hip was observed in 49 and 48%, and osteoporosis in 9 and 2%, respectively.