Effect of acute stresses on zebra fish (Danio rerio) metabolome measured by NMR-based metabolomics.

We applied an acute stress model to zebra fish in order to measure the changes in the metabolome due to biological stress. This was done by submitting the fish to fifteen minutes of acute confinement (netting) stress, and then five minutes for the open field and light/dark field tests. A polar extract of the zebra fish was then subjected to (1)H nuclear magnetic spectroscopy.

(-)-Carvone: antispasmodic effect and mode of action.

(-)-Carvone is a monoterpene ketone found in spearmint (Mentha spicata var. crispa) essential oil that is widely used as an odor and flavor additive. An intestinal antispasmodic effect was recently reported for (-)-carvone, and it has been shown to be more potent than its (+)-antipode.

Antispasmodic effect of 4'-methylepigallocatechin on guinea pig ileum.

The antispasmodic effect of 4'-methylepigallocatechin (MEC), which was isolated from Maytenus rigida Mart (Celestraceae), was investigated in vitro in guinea pig intestinal segments. In the isolated ileum, MEC (1 nM-100 μM) did not modify the ileal spontaneous tonus or the electrically elicited contractions. MEC (8 μM) significantly (p<0.

In vitro and ex vivo anticholinesterase activities of Erythrina velutina leaf extracts.

Context: Erythrina velutina (EV) Willd (Fabaceae-Faboideae) is a medicinal tree that is commonly used in Brazil for the treatment of several central nervous system disorders.

Objective: The anticholinesterase activity of EV is described in this work.

Methods: Concentration-response curves (0-1.