[Smoking among adolescents: quantitative and qualitative analysis of psychosocial factors associated with the decision to smoke among Mexican students].

Objective:: To analyze psychosocial factors associated with the decision to smoke in students 13 to 15 years in Mexico City.

Materials And Methods:: Logistic regression models of Youth Tobacco Survey (n=945) and four Focus Groups (GF) in two secondary schools, conducted in 2011-2012, were used.

Results:: Factors associated with smoking: a) believe that it is safe (OR=2.

[Direct costs of medical care for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Mexico micro-costing analysis].

Objective: Estimate the direct cost of medical care incurred by the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social) for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2).

Methods: The clinical files of 497 patients who were treated in secondary and tertiary medical care units in 2002-2004 were reviewed. Costs were quantified using a disease costing approach (DCA) from the provider's perspective, a micro-costing technique, and a bottom-up methodology.

[Health care costs attributable to tobacco consumption on a national level in the Mexican Social Security Institute].

Objective: To estimate the cost of medical care for the major diseases attributable to tobacco consumption at the IMSS.

Material And Methods: A cost of illness (COI) analysis was carried out from the perspective of the health provider. A random sample of clinical files (n= 1,596) was reviewed to estimate the human resources and medical supplies's utilization according to the health care facilities.

[Gender based violence: knowledge and attitudes of health care providers in Nicaragua].

Objective: To assess the knowledge and attitudes of health care personnel towards the identification and referral of gender-based violence victims (GBV). Also, to identify barriers to identification and referral of GBV, and to assess the levels of knowledge about Norms and Procedures for Intra-Family Violence Care by the health care personnel of the Nicaraguan's Minister of Health (MINSA, for its initials in Spanish).

Material And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare professionals, including physicians, nurses and nursing technical aides (n=213), in 5 of the 17 Local Systems of Integral Attention (SILAIS) from the Integral Program of Attention for Women, Children and Adolescence (AIMNA) in the primary level of attention in MINSA, from April to June 2003.