Isolated Third Cranial Nerve Palsy As the Initial Presentation of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Rare Case.

This is an unusual case of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) with isolated third cranial nerve palsy as the initial manifestation. Neurolymphomatosis (NL) is a rare manifestation of PCNSL. While NL is a rare manifestation of PCNSL, primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) can be the presenting feature or a later-involved manifestation.

Guidelines from an expert panel for the management of diabetic macular edema in the Malaysian population.

Aim: To derive a Malaysia guideline and consensus as part of the Malaysia Retina Group's efforts for diagnosis, treatment, and best practices of diabetic macular edema (DME). The experts' panel suggests that the treatment algorithm to be divided into groups according to involvement the central macula. The purpose of DME therapy is to improve edema and achieve the best visual results with the least amount of treatment load.

Idiopathic Retinitis, Vasculitis, Aneurysms, and Neuroretinitis (IRVAN): Early Treatment Saves Sight.

We report a rare case of bilateral Idiopathic Retinitis, Vasculitis, Aneurysms, and Neuroretinitis (IRVAN) with occlusive vasculitis. A 28-year-old female presented with sudden decreased vision in her left eye for three days. Visual acuity in the right eye was 6/6, whereas it was 6/9 in the left eye.

Stage 4 Takayasu Retinopathy With Persistent Neovascularization.

Takayasu arteritis is a chronic, progressive, autoimmune, granulomatous, medium-to-large vessel-panarteritis. It may cause chronic ocular ischaemia that may be refractory to treatment. We report a case of stage 4 Takayasu retinopathy resistant to conventional treatments.

A Case of a Large Sub-retinal Abscess Secondary to Klebsiella pneumoniae Endophthalmitis in a Pyelonephritis Patient.

Endogenous endophthalmitis is an ocular emergency, with severe sight-threatening complications. We report a case of unilateral endogenous Klebsiella pneumonia endophthalmitis with a large sub-retinal abscess in a 39-year-old lady that developed four days after presentation with sepsis secondary to urinary tract infections and pyelonephritis. Despite immediate treatment with intravenous (IV) and intravitreal antibiotics, her eye condition deteriorated.

Endogenous endophthalmitis: a 9-year retrospective study at a tertiary referral hospital in Malaysia.

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the clinical presentation, systemic risk factors, source of infective microorganism, treatment outcomes, and prognostic indicators of endogenous endophthalmitis at a main tertiary referral hospital for uveitis in Malaysia. A retrospective review of medical records of 120 patients (143 eyes) with endogenous endophthalmitis over a period of 9 years between January 2007 and December 2015 was undertaken.

Results: Identifiable systemic risk factors were present in 79.