Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD), a condition frequently attributed to uncontrolled diabetes and hypertension, has become an economic and public health burden both globally and locally. The present study was designed to investigate the toxic effects of lead and hypertension (HTN) on chronic renal failure (CRF).
Method: It was a cross-sectional, prospective study conducted in Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi.