Antimicrobial coating is associated with significantly lower aerobic colony counts in high-touch areas in an orthopedic ward environment.

Background: Hospital acquired infections (HAI) are the most common complication found in the hospital environment. The aim of the study was to examine whether the use of an antimicrobial coating in high-touch areas in an orthopedic ward could reduce bacterial growth and HAI.

Methods: From December 2017 to February 2018, HAI were registered on two orthopedic wards.

Increased levels of inflammatory markers in the subscapularis tendon and joint capsule in patients with subacromial impingement.

Purpose: To analyze biopsy samples from the subscapularis tendon and from the joint capsule from male patients with subacromial impingement syndrome and compare them with samples from male patients with post-traumatic recurrent shoulder instability, to detect increased inflammatory activity that might be present inside the humeroscapular joint.

Methods: Twenty male patients scheduled for surgery for either subacromial decompression or Bankart reconstruction were included. Four biopsies from each patient were obtained during surgery from the capsule and the subscapularis tendon.

Routine interventions in childbirth before and after initiation of an Action Research project.

Background: Unnecessary routine interventions in uncomplicated labour and birth, like cardiotocography (CTG), amniotomy, use of scalp electrode and oxytocin treatment, are associated with further interventions that could harm the woman and the infant. A four year Action Research (AR) project was done on a labour ward to enhance the capacity of local midwives in the promotion of physiological labour and birth.

Aim: To describe the use of interventions during labour and birth in healthy women at term with spontaneous onset of labour, before and after initiation of an Action Research project.

Inflammatory cytokines and biomarkers of cartilage metabolism 8 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: results from operated and contralateral knees.

Background: Patients who sustain an acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture are at increased risk to develop posttraumatic arthritis (PTA) in the injured knee whether the ACL is reconstructed or treated nonoperatively. Inflammatory cytokines and cartilage degradation biomarkers are elevated at the time of acute injury and postoperatively. This suggests that one mechanism for PTA may be an inflammatory degradative process initiated on the acute injury and sustained for some length of time independent of whether adequate joint stability is restored.

Two-step versus Single Application of Mitomycin-C in Photorefractive Keratectomy for High Myopia.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term outcomes of two-step versus single application of mitomycin-C (MMC) during photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for high myopia.

Methods: This randomized clinical trial included consecutive patients with high myopia (exceeding 7 D). Patients underwent PRK and were randomized to two methods of MMC 0.

Rearrangement and allelic imbalance on chromosome 5 leads to homozygous deletions in the CDKN2A/2B tumor suppressor gene region in rat endometrial cancer.

The inbred BDII rat is a valuable experimental model for the genetic analysis of hormone-dependent endometrial adenocarcinoma (EAC). One common aberration detected previously by comparative genomic hybridization in rat EAC is loss affecting mostly the middle part of rat chromosome 5 (RNO5). First, we applied an RNO5-specific painting probe and four region-specific gene probes onto tumor cell metaphases from 21 EACs, and found that rearrangements involving RNO5 were common.

Nonrandom pattern of chromosome aberrations in 17beta-estradiol-induced rat mammary tumors: indications of distinct pathways for tumor development.

Estrogens play an important role in breast cancer etiology and the ACI rat provides a novel animal model for defining the mechanisms through which estrogens contribute to mammary cancer development. In crossing experiments between the susceptible ACI strain and two resistant strains, COP (Copenhagen) and BN (Brown Norway), several quantitative trait loci (QTL) that affect development of 17beta-estradiol (E2)-induced mammary tumors have been defined. Using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), we have analyzed cytogenetic aberrations in E2-induced mammary cancers and have found clear patterns of nonrandom chromosomal involvement.

Oncogene amplification in the proximal part of chromosome 6 in rat endometrial adenocarcinoma as revealed by combined BAC/PAC FISH, chromosome painting, zoo-FISH, and allelotyping.

The inbred BDII rat is a valuable experimental model for the genetic analysis of endometrial adenocarcinoma (EAC). One common aberration detected by comparative genomic hybridization in rat EAC was gain/amplification affecting the proximal part of rat chromosome 6 (RNO6). We applied rat and mouse chromosome painting probes onto tumor cell metaphase preparations in order to detect and characterize gross RNO6 aberrations.

Genetic analysis of susceptibility to endometrial adenocarcinoma in the BDII rat model.

Most cancers are genetically complex and heterogeneous, a serious obstacle to identifying specific genes underlying the disease. If inbred animal models are used, then both the genetic constitution and environmental influences can be carefully controlled. Females of the BDII inbred rat strain are genetically predisposed to endometrial cancer; more than 90% of virgin BDII females will develop endometrial adenocarcinoma (EAC) during their life span.

Detailed chromosomal and radiation hybrid mapping in the proximal part of rat Chromosome 10 and gene order comparison with mouse and human.

The rat provides valuable and sometimes unique models of human complex diseases. To fully exploit the rat models in biomedical research, it is important to have access to detailed knowledge of the rat genome organization as well as its relation to the human genome. Rat Chromosome 10 (RNO10) harbors several important cancer-related genes.

The functional significance of absence: the chromosomal segment harboring Tp53 is absent from the T55 rat radiation hybrid mapping panel.

The T55 rat radiation hybrid (RH) mapping panel has been reported to retain the entire rat genome at retention frequencies between 22% and 37%. However, we found that a small segment of rat chromosome 10 harboring at least four different genes, including Tp53, was completely absent from the panel (retention frequency = 0%). Two other markers located in the vicinity exhibited much reduced retention (2-6%).

Aberrations of centrosomes in adrenocortical tumors.

The frequent and generalized chromosomal imbalances that are characteristic of adrenocortical carcinomas suggest that incomplete chromosome segregation often takes place in these tumors. As a step towards elucidating the mechanism behind the multiple numerical chromosomal aberrations, we have evaluated a series of 14 such tumors for centrosome abnormalities using immunohistochemical detection of the gamma-tubulin centrosome component. The proportion of cells with more than the expected number of 2 centrosomes was moderately increased in the 4 adenomas (1-7%), while a high increase was observed in the 10 carcinomas (1-19%), as compared to the normal reference tissues (0.

Genetic identification of multiple susceptibility genes involved in the development of endometrial carcinoma in a rat model.

There are clear indications that inheritance plays an essential role in certain cases of human endometrial cancer, and there are at least 2 forms of early-onset heritable endometrial adenocarcinomas (EACs). Females of the BDII inbred rat strain are known to be genetically predisposed to endometrial carcinoma, and we have performed a genetic analysis of susceptibility to endometrial cancer in this strain. F(2) populations were generated by crossing BDII females with males from 2 different strains with a low incidence of EAC, and the occurrence of endometrial cancer was studied.

Characterization of the human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta gene and its expression.

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors regulating the expression of genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism. Three different PPARs; alpha (PPARA), gamma (PPARG) and delta (PPARD) have been characterized and they are distinguished from each other by tissue distribution and cell activation. In this study, the structure and detailed chromosomal localization of the human PPARD gene was determined.

Genotyping of adrenocortical tumors: very frequent deletions of the MEN1 locus in 11q13 and of a 1-centimorgan region in 2p16.

To identify chromosomal regions that may contain loci for tumor suppressor genes involved in adrenocortical tumor development, a panel of 60 tumors (39 carcinomas and 21 adenomas) were screened for loss of heterozygosity. Although the vast majority of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) were detected in the carcinomas and involved chromosomes 2, 4, 11, and 18, only few were found in the adenomas. Therefore, 2 loci that harbor the familial cancer syndromes Carney complex in 2p16 and the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 gene in 11q13 were further studied in 27 (13 carcinomas and 14 adenomas) of the 60 tumors.

Cloning and characterization of ZNF189, a novel human Krüppel-like zinc finger gene localized to chromosome 9q22-q31.

A 3-kb-long cDNA encoding a Krüppel-like human zinc finger protein was isolated and mapped to chromosome 9q22-q31. The ZNF189 gene encodes a protein with 16 zinc fingers at its C-terminus and belongs to the Krüppel-associated box (KRAB)-containing group of zinc finger proteins. Four differently spliced cDNA transcripts, differing at the 5' coding region where a KRAB A repressor domain is encoded, were isolated.