Renal Cell Carcinoma of Pelvic Kidney with Atypical Nodal Metastasis: A Diagnostic Challenge.

Ectopic pelvic kidney is a known congenital anomaly; however, the presence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in an ectopic kidney is rare with the evidence available in the form of a few case reports only. In this case report, we present a case of metastatic RCC in the pelvic kidney which became a diagnostic challenge because of atypical contrast-enhanced computed tomographic (CT) characteristics and unusual pattern of lymph node involvement including cervical lymph node in the absence of visceral metastasis. Because of its unusual location and uncertain vascular anatomy, ectopic kidney poses a surgical challenge.

Validation of a Bench-Top Training Model for Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery.

Objective: To validate the in-house built Styrofoam box bench-top training model for retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS).

Materials And Methods: This study was performed in the setting of a half-day RIRS course. During the course, participants performed RIRS on a locally built bench-top model.