Risk factors of gallbladder cancer in Nepal: A case control study.

Background: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare, highly fatal disease with diagnosis in advanced stage and low survival rate. Nepal ranked 4th position with highest rates of GBC for 10 countries in 2020.

Objective: To find the association between socio-demographic, behavioral and environmental factors associated with the development of GBC.

A spatial autocorrelation analysis of road traffic accidents by severity using Moran's I spatial statistics: a study from Nepal 2019-2022.

Background: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a significant global public health issue, leading to injuries, fatalities, and substantial economic losses. In Nepal, RTAs are a major concern, with notable regional variations in incidence and severity. This study analyzed the spatial distribution and types of road traffic injuries in Nepal from Fiscal Year (FY) 2019-2020 to 2021-2022, focusing on the impact of road types and geographic factors.

Hygiene practice and diarrhea prevalence among underfive children in Myanmar: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Over 1.7 billion instances of diarrheal illness in children are reported worldwide yearly. Diarrhea was a major cause of death in children, accounting for 9% of all global under-five child deaths in 2021.

Construction and validation of a novel multi-epitope in silico vaccine design against the paramyosin protein of Opisthorchis viverrini using immunoinformatics analyses.

Liver fluke infection caused by Opisthorchis viverrini (O. viverrini) remains a significant but neglected health threat across Southeastern Asia. The early infective anabolic growth stage of O.

Development of a health literacy scale for COVID-19 prevention among pregnant women in Thailand.

COVID-19 infection among pregnant women results in more severe symptoms and higher mortality rates. No comprehensive health literacy for protection against COVID-19 among pregnant women has been available for general use in Thailand. This cross-sectional study aimed to develop and examine an instrument for measuring health literacy of prevention COVID-19 infection among pregnant women (HLS-P).

Epigenetic Biomarkers and the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Opisthorchis viverrini-associated Cholangiocarcinoma: A Scoping Review on Therapeutic Opportunities.

Background: Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, are pivotal in regulating gene expression pathways related to inflammation and cancer. While there is substantial research on epigenetic markers in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), Opisthorchis viverrini-induced cholangiocarcinoma (Ov-CCA) is overlooked as a neglected tropical disease (NTD) with limited representation in the literature. Considering the distinct etiological agent, pathogenic mechanisms, and pathological manifestations, epigenetic research plays a pivotal role in uncovering markers and potential targets related to the cancer-promoting and morbidity-inducing liver fluke parasite prevalent in the Great Mekong Subregion (GMS).

Exploring knowledge, perceptions, and practices of antimicrobials, and their resistance among medicine dispensers and community members in Kavrepalanchok District of Nepal.

Background: Inappropriate use of antimicrobials is a global public health issue, particularly in developing countries, including Nepal, where over-the-counter sales and self-medication of antimicrobials are common.

Objectives: To explore knowledge, perceptions, and practices of antimicrobials and their resistance among medicine dispensers and community members in Nepal.

Methods: The study was conducted in three rural and five urban municipalities of the Kavrepalanchok district from May 2021 to August 2021.

Safely managed sanitation practice and childhood stunting among under five years old children in Myanmar.

In 2020, 149 million children under the age of five were estimated to be stunted globally. Around half of deaths among children under 5 years of age are related to under-nutrition. Objective of this study is to determine the association between safely managed sanitation and childhood stunting among under-five years old children in Myanmar.

Spatial association and modelling of under-5 mortality in Thailand, 2020.

Under-5 mortality rate (U5MR) is a key indicator of child health and overall development. In Thailand, despite significant steps made in child health, disparities in U5MR persist across different provinces. We examined various socio-economic variables, health service availability and environmental factors impacting U5MR in Thailand to model their influences through spatial analysis.

Feasibility of implementing public-private mix approach for tuberculosis case management in Pokhara Metropolitan City of western Nepal: a qualitative study.

Background: The Public-Private Mix (PPM) approach is a strategic initiative that involves engaging all private and public health care providers in the fight against tuberculosis using international health care standards. For tuberculosis control in Nepal, the PPM approach could be a milestone. This study aimed to explore the barriers to a public-private mix approach in the management of tuberculosis cases in Nepal.

Spatial pattern and heterogeneity of chronic respiratory diseases and relationship to socio-demographic factors in Thailand in the period 2016 to 2019.

Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) constitute 4% of the global disease burden and cause 4 million deaths annually. This cross-sectional study used QGIS and GeoDa to explore the spatial pattern and heterogeneity of CRDs morbidity and spatial autocorrelation between socio-demographic factors and CRDs in Thailand from 2016 to 2019. We found an annual, positive, spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I >0.

Barriers in the access, diagnosis and treatment completion for tuberculosis patients in central and western Nepal: A qualitative study among patients, community members and health care workers.

Background: Nepal has achieved a significant reduction of TB incidence over the past decades. Nevertheless, TB patients continue to experience barriers in access, diagnosis and completion of the treatment. The main objective of this study was to explore the factors affecting the access to the health services, diagnosis and the treatment completion for TB patients in central and western Nepal.

Health System Delay among the Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients Presenting in the DOTS Centers of Nepal.

Introduction: Health system delay is the time for complete diagnosis of the disease after patient approaches a health care provider.

Aim: The study aims to identify the characteristics and the determinants of unacceptable health system delay (≥ 7 days delay from health system) in diagnosis of new pulmonary tuberculosis patients attending in Direct Observation Treatment Short course (DOTS) centers of Nepal.

Materials And Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted by administrating a structured questionnaire interview and reviewing the medical record of the new sputum smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases during January-May 2015.

Delay for First Consultation and Its Associated Factors among New Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients of Central Nepal.

Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major public health challenge in Nepal and worldwide. Most transmissions occur between the onset of symptoms and the consultation with formal health care centers. This study aimed to determine the duration of delay for the first consultation and its associated factors with unacceptable delay among the new sputum pulmonary tuberculosis cases in the central development region of Nepal.

Major Delays in the Diagnosis and Management of Tuberculosis Patients in Nepal.

Background: Early diagnosis is a determining factor for spread of tuberculosis. Delay in diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis geometrically increases spread and infectivity of the disease and is associated with higher risk of mortality.

Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the length of delays in diagnosis and treatment among new pulmonary tuberculosis patients in central development region of Nepal.