Emergence of dengue in Nepal.

Dengue virus is a major health problem in Nepal. The endogenous dengue appeared in 2006 in the country with reported outbreaks in 2010, 2013 and 2016. Eleven years vertical data show there were sporadic cases in all the years and mostly adults between 25 and 40 years of age were infected with dengue virus.

Dengue periodic outbreaks and epidemiological trends in Nepal.

Dengue is a global health problem and expansion of its endemics towards new territories in the hilly regions in Nepal is a serious concern. It appeared as a new disease in Nepal in 2004 from Japanese traveler with sporadic cases every year and massive outbreaks in 2010, 2013 and 2016. The serotype was responsible for outbreak in particular year was dengue virus serotype-1 (DENV-1) in 2010, 2016; and DENV-2 in 2013.

Dengue virus infection in a French traveller to the hilly region of Nepal in 2015: a case report.

Background: Dengue viral infections are known to pose a significant risk during travel to tropical regions, but it is surprising to find dengue transmission in the hilly region of Nepal, which is over 1800mtr above sea level.

Case Presentation: A 43-year-old Caucasian female traveler from France presented with fever and abdominal pain following a diarrheal illness while visiting the central hilly region of Nepal. Over the course of 9 days, she developed fever, body aches, and joint pain, with hemorrhagic manifestation.

Re-emergence of dengue virus serotype 2 strains in the 2013 outbreak in Nepal.

Background & Objectives: Epidemiological interventions and mosquito control are the available measures for dengue control. The former approach uses serotype and genetic information on the circulating virus strains. Dengue has been frequently reported from Nepal, but this information is mostly lacking.

Brain perfusion single photon emission computed tomography abnormalities in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy.

Background: Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is the mildest form of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Minimal hepatic encephalopathy patients do not demonstrate clinically overt symptoms of HE but present with abnormal neuropsychological and/or neurophysiological tests indicative of cerebral dysfunction. This study was performed in such patients to identify regions of abnormal cerebral perfusion and to correlate regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes with psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES), Child-Turcotte-Pugh's score (CTP), and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score.

Diagnosis and prognostic significance of minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis of liver.

Background And Aims: Minimal hepatic encephalopathy is the mildest form of the spectrum of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) that impairs health-related quality of life. We assessed (1) the usefulness of psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score and critical flicker frequency for the diagnosis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy, and (2) prognostic significance of minimal hepatic encephalopathy.

Methods: One hundred patients with liver cirrhosis without overt HE were subjected to psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score and critical flicker frequency evaluation.