Central Giant Cell Granuloma of the Mandible: A Case Report.

This article presents a clinical case of a central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) resembling a periapical lesion of endodontic origin. A 39-year-old, otherwise healthy male patient was referred to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery for its diagnosis and subsequent management. The patient presented with an asymptomatic, progressively increasing intraoral swelling associated with the mandibular left para-symphysis region.

Venous access devices for the delivery of long-term chemotherapy: the CAVA three-arm RCT.

Background: Venous access devices are used for patients receiving long-term chemotherapy. These include centrally inserted tunnelled catheters or Hickman-type devices (Hickman), peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) and centrally inserted totally implantable venous access devices (PORTs).

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness, safety, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of these devices for the central delivery of chemotherapy.

Central venous access devices for the delivery of systemic anticancer therapy (CAVA): a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Hickman-type tunnelled catheters (Hickman), peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs), and totally implanted ports (PORTs) are used to deliver systemic anticancer treatment (SACT) via a central vein. We aimed to compare complication rates and costs of the three devices to establish acceptability, clinical effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of the devices for patients receiving SACT.

Methods: We did an open-label, multicentre, randomised controlled trial (Cancer and Venous Access [CAVA]) of three central venous access devices: PICCs versus Hickman (non-inferiority; 10% margin); PORTs versus Hickman (superiority; 15% margin); and PORTs versus PICCs (superiority; 15% margin).

Uterine artery pulsatility index and serum BMP-9 predict resistance to methotrexate therapy in gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: A cohort study.

Background: Methotrexate is the most common first-line chemotherapy for low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). Uterine artery pulsatility index (UAPI) is an ultrasound marker for tumor vascularity that has been associated with an increased risk of methotrexate resistance. The combination of circulating angiogenic factor levels with UAPI data may improve the capacity of this model to predict chemoresistance.

Effect of testing for cancer on cancer- or venous thromboembolism (VTE)-related mortality and morbidity in people with unprovoked VTE.

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a collective term for two conditions: deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). A proportion of people with VTE have no underlying or immediately predisposing risk factors and the VTE is referred to as unprovoked. Unprovoked VTE can often be the first clinical manifestation of an underlying malignancy.

Effect of testing for cancer on cancer- and venous thromboembolism (VTE)-related mortality and morbidity in people with unprovoked VTE.

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a collective term for two conditions: deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). A proportion of people with VTE have no underlying or immediately predisposing risk factors and the VTE is referred to as unprovoked. Unprovoked VTE can often be the first clinical manifestation of an underlying malignancy.

Continuous magnesium infusions in the management of systemic anti-cancer therapy-related hypomagnesaemia.

Unlabelled: Background Hypomagnesaemia is a relatively-common side effect of some systemic anti-cancer therapies (SACT). Oral and intravenous magnesium (given as injections or short infusions) have problems arising from their poor tolerability, and need for frequent administrations, respectively. Objective Assessing the effectiveness and safety of weekly continuous magnesium infusions (CMI) in the management of SACT-related hypomagnesaemia.

Phase II study of TP300 in patients with advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.

Background: TP300, a recently developed synthetic camptothecin analogue, is a highly selective topoisomerase I inhibitor. A phase I study showed good safety and tolerability. As camptothecins have proven active in oesophago-gastric adenocarcinomas, in this phase II study we assessed the efficacy and safety of TP300 in patients with gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ) adenocarcinomas.

Power Doppler Quantification in Assessing Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia.

Purpose:  The FIGO score cannot accurately stratify low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) patients who develop chemoresistance to single agent methotrexate chemotherapy. Tumour vascularisation is a key risk factor and its quantification may provide non-invasive way of complementing risk assessment.

Materials And Methods:  187 FIGO-staged, low-risk GTN patients were prospectively recruited.

An Association of Cancer Physicians' strategy for improving services and outcomes for cancer patients.

The Association of Cancer Physicians in the United Kingdom has developed a strategy to improve outcomes for cancer patients and identified the goals and commitments of the Association and its members.

Dose-Finding Quantitative 18F-FDG PET Imaging Study with the Oral Pan-AKT Inhibitor GSK2141795 in Patients with Gynecologic Malignancies.

Unlabelled: AKT (a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase) regulates many cellular processes contributing to cytotoxic drug resistance. This study's primary objective examined the relationship between GSK2141795, an oral, pan-AKT inhibitor, and (18)F-FDG PET markers of glucose metabolism in tumor tissue to determine whether (18)F-FDG PET could be used to guide personalized dosing of GSK2141795. Biomarker analysis of biopsies was also undertaken.

Effect of testing for cancer on cancer- and venous thromboembolism (VTE)-related mortality and morbidity in patients with unprovoked VTE.

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a collective term for two conditions: deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). A proportion of patients with VTE have no underlying or immediately predisposing risk factors and the VTE is referred to as unprovoked. Unprovoked VTE can often be the first clinical manifestation of an underlying malignancy.

Management and survival of patients with FIGO high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: the U.K. experience, 1995-2010.

Objective: To present survival rates of high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) (FIGO score > 7) patients treated between 1995 and 2010 in the U.K. Death due to GTN is largely confined to patients with high-risk disease.

WITHDRAWN: Pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusions.

A new review team are preparing a new protocol to replace this review. The new review is entitled 'Interventions for the management of malignant pleural effusions'. Publication of the full review is anticipated in early 2015.

Intravenous versus oral dexamethasone premedication in preventing Paclitaxel infusion hypersensitivity reactions in gynecological malignancies.

Objective: Dexamethasone premedication is required with paclitaxel to prevent infusion-related hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs). Both oral dexamethasone (PO-D; 20 mg 12 and 6 hours before paclitaxel) and intravenous dexamethasone (IV-D; 20 mg 30 minutes before paclitaxel) regimens are used. The optimal premedication regimen and management of patients after HSR are unclear.

Discordance between cancer prevalence and training: a need for an increase in oncology education.

The impact of cancer on healthcare is increasing. Therefore, it is key that all doctors receive oncology training. This study surveyed UK undergraduate medical schools to determine the extent of oncology training provided by their curricula.

Feasibility of trials in ovarian cancer by line of therapy and platinum sensitivity.

Background: To rapidly evaluate the significant numbers of novel therapies entering clinical development requires maximization of clinical trial capacity. To enable this, we evaluated the profile of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in clinical practice, compared with those targeted in clinical trials.

Methods: Patients with EOC treated between March-September 2009 (cohort A, n = 115 patients) and January-July 2012 (cohort B, n = 109 patients), in the North West London Cancer Network with a catchment of 1.

A study to evaluate the cause of bone demineralization in gynecological cancer survivors.

Background: An association between treatment for gynecological cancers and risk of osteoporosis has never been formally evaluated. Women treated for these cancers are now living longer than ever before, and prevention of treatment-induced morbidities is important. We aimed to distinguish, in gynecological cancer survivors, whether cancer therapy has additional detrimental effects on bone health above those attributable to hormone withdrawal.

EMA/CO for high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: good outcomes with induction low-dose etoposide-cisplatin and genetic analysis.

Purpose: Patients with high-risk (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics score ≥ 7) gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) frequently receive etoposide, methotrexate, and dactinomycin alternating weekly with cyclophosphamide and vincristine (EMA/CO). Between 1979 and 1995, overall survival (OS) with this regimen at our institute was 85.4% with a significant proportion of early deaths (< 4 weeks).

Frequency of mutations and polymorphisms in borderline ovarian tumors of known cancer genes.

Borderline ovarian tumors represent an understudied subset of ovarian tumors. Most studies investigating aberrations in borderline tumors have focused on KRAS/BRAF mutations. In this study, we conducted an extensive analysis of mutations and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in borderline ovarian tumors.

The OPCML tumor suppressor functions as a cell surface repressor-adaptor, negatively regulating receptor tyrosine kinases in epithelial ovarian cancer.

Unlabelled: Epithelial ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancy, and its molecular basis is poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that opioid binding protein cell adhesion molecule (OPCML) was frequently epigenetically inactivated in epithelial ovarian cancers, with tumor suppressor function in vitro and in vivo. Here, we further show the clinical relevance of OPCML and demonstrate that OPCML functions by a novel mechanism in epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines and normal ovarian surface epithelial cells by regulating a specific repertoire of receptor tyrosine kinases: EPHA2, FGFR1, FGFR3, HER2, and HER4.

Rab25 increases cellular ATP and glycogen stores protecting cancer cells from bioenergetic stress.

Cancer cells are metabolically stressed during tumour progression due to limited tumour vascularity and resultant nutrient, growth factor and oxygen deficiency that can induce cell death and inhibit tumour growth. We demonstrate that Rab25, a small GTPase involved in endosomal recycling, that is genomically amplified in multiple tumour lineages, is a key regulator of cellular bioenergetics and autophagy. RAB25 enhanced survival during nutrient stress by preventing apoptosis and autophagy via binding and activating AKT leading to increased glucose uptake and improved cellular bioenergetics.