Bio-efficacy of Olyset Plus, PermaNet 3.0 and Interceptor G2 on pyrethroid-resistant populations of Anopheles gambiae s.l. prior to the June 2023 net distribution campaign in Benin, West Africa.

Background: This study investigates the effectiveness of new-generation mosquito nets, like Olyset Plus and PermaNet 3.0, and dual-action nets such as Interceptor G2, against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes following the 2023 mass distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets in Benin.

Methods: We tested wild mosquito populations from six communes in Benin against various pyrethroid (permethrin 0.

Distribution and Abundance of and (Diptera: Culicidae) in Benin, West Africa.

Updated information on the distribution and abundance of and is crucial to prepare African countries, such as Benin, for possible arboviral disease outbreaks. This study aims to evaluate the geographical distribution, abundance and biting behaviour of these two vectors in Benin. Three sampling techniques were used in this study.

Changes and Inequities in Adult Mental Health-Related Emergency Department Visits During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the US.

Importance: The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected adult mental health (MH), with racial and ethnic minoritized groups disproportionately affected.

Objective: To examine changes in adult MH-related emergency department (ED) visits into the Delta variant pandemic period and identify changes and inequities in these visits before and during COVID-19 case surges.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This epidemiologic cross-sectional study used National Syndromic Surveillance Program data from US adults aged 18 to 64 years from 1970 to 2352 ED facilities from January 1, 2019, to August 14, 2021.

Coverage, Usage, Physical Integrity, and Bio-efficacy of Olyset Nets in the Plateau Region, South Benin Following the 2011 Nationwide Distribution.

The present study investigated in 8 villages of the Plateau region the coverage, usage, physical integrity, and bio-efficacy of the Olyset nets distributed nationwide by the Benin's National Malaria Control Programme in July 2011. The questionnaire administered as well as the observations made in the households allowed estimating the coverage and usage rates of the 2011 Olyset nets. While their physical integrity was assessed through standard WHO methodology, their bio-efficacy was evaluated through gas chromatography, and WHO cone testing performed with the Kisumu susceptible strain.

Changes in Seasonal Respiratory Illnesses in the United States During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.

Background: Respiratory tract infections are common, often seasonal, and caused by multiple pathogens. We assessed whether seasonal respiratory illness patterns changed during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: We categorized emergency department (ED) visits reported to the National Syndromic Surveillance Program according to chief complaints and diagnosis codes, excluding visits with diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Update: COVID-19 Pandemic-Associated Changes in Emergency Department Visits - United States, December 2020-January 2021.

During March 29-April 25, 2020, emergency department (ED) visits in the United States declined by 42% after the declaration of a national emergency for COVID-19 on March 13, 2020. Among children aged ≤10 years, ED visits declined by 72% compared with prepandemic levels (1). To assess the continued impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on EDs, CDC examined trends in visits since December 30, 2018, and compared the numbers and types of ED visits by patient demographic and geographic factors during a COVID-19 pandemic period (December 20, 2020-January 16, 2021) with a prepandemic period 1 year earlier (December 15, 2019-January 11, 2020).

ImergardWP: A Non-Chemical Alternative for an Indoor Residual Spray, Effective against Pyrethroid-Resistant (s.l.) in Africa.

Malaria is the deadliest mosquito-borne disease and kills predominantly people in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The now widespread mosquito resistance to pyrethroids, with rapidly growing resistance to other insecticide classes recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), may overturn the successes gained in mosquito control in recent years. It is of utmost importance to search for new, inexpensive, and safe alternatives, with new modes of action, that might improve the efficacy of current insecticides.

Physical integrity and survivorship of long-lasting insecticidal nets distributed to households of the same socio-cultural community in Benin, West Africa.

Background: Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are designed to survive and sustain their physical barrier for 3 years in household conditions. However, studies have shown that most of these nets are usually torn or no longer present in the households in less than 3 years. This study was initiated in Benin to compare the survivorship and physical integrity of seven types of LLINs in a same socio-geographic area.

Pesticides and the evolution of the genetic structure of Anopheles coluzzii populations in some localities in Benin (West Africa).

Background: Changes in the natural habitats of insect groups are determined the genetic polymorphisms between individuals. The objective of this study was to establish the genetic structure of the Anopheles coluzzii populations in four localities of Benin.

Methods: Insecticide surveys and larval sampling were conducted on 4 study localities, including Cotonou, Ketou, Zagnanado, and Sô-Ava.

Modeling the Complexity and Dynamics of the Malaria Research Collaboration Network in Benin, West Africa: papers indexed in the Web Of Science (1996-2016).

Multidisciplinary approach to malaria research remain important to the national malaria control program in Benin. To unravel the mechanism underlying the establishment of research collaboration ties in malaria research in Benin, we model the complexity and dynamics of the malaria research co-authorship network of Benin using Exponential Random Graph models (ERGMs) and Temporal ERGMs (TERGMs). The network contains co-authorship information from January 1996 to December 2016.

Baseline entomologic data on malaria transmission in prelude to an indoor residual spraying intervention in the regions of Alibori and Donga, Northern Benin, West Africa.

Background: Despite the success of indoor residual insecticide spraying (IRS) in Africa, particularly in Benin, some gaps of information need to be filled to optimize the effectiveness of this intervention in the perspective of the country's effort to eliminate malaria. In anticipation to the 2018 IRS campaign in two targeted regions of northern Benin, this study aimed, to collect baseline information on vector composition, spatio-temporal variation and peak malaria transmission in the Alibori and Donga, two targeted regions of northern Benin. Information collected will help to better plan the implementation and later on the impact assessment of this IRS campaign.

Efficacy of a novel mode of action of an indoor residual spraying product, SumiShield® 50WG against susceptible and resistant populations of Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) in Benin, West Africa.

Background: Scale-up of the distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying with insecticides over the last decade have contributed to the considerable decrease of malaria morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Due to the increasing pyrethroid resistance intensity and the spread of carbamate resistance in Anopheles gambiae (s.s.

Scientific authorship and collaboration network analysis on malaria research in Benin: papers indexed in the web of science (1996-2016).

Background: To sustain the critical progress made, prioritization and a multidisciplinary approach to malaria research remain important to the national malaria control program in Benin. To document the structure of the malaria collaborative research in Benin, we analyze authorship of the scientific documents published on malaria from Benin.

Methods: We collected bibliographic data from the Web Of Science on malaria research in Benin from January 1996 to December 2016.

Impact of Insecticide Resistance on the Effectiveness of Pyrethroid-Based Malaria Vectors Control Tools in Benin: Decreased Toxicity and Repellent Effect.

Since the first evidence of pyrethroids resistance in 1999 in Benin, mutations have rapidly increased in mosquitoes and it is now difficult to design a study including a control area where malaria vectors are fully susceptible. Few studies have assessed the after effect of resistance on the success of pyrethroid based prevention methods in mosquito populations. We therefore assessed the impact of resistance on the effectiveness of pyrethroids based indoor residual spraying (IRS) in semi-field conditions and long lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) in laboratory conditions.

Six years of experience in entomological surveillance of indoor residual spraying against malaria transmission in Benin: lessons learned, challenges and outlooks.

Background: From 2008 to 2013, a prevention intervention against malaria based on indoor residual spraying (IRS) was implemented in Benin. From 2008 to 2012, Ficam M(®), a bendiocarb-containing product was used for house spraying, in association with pirimiphos methyl EC (Actellic EC) in 2013. This operation aimed to strengthen the effectiveness of treated nets so as to expedite the achievement of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): the reduction of morbidity and mortality due to malaria by 75 % from 2000 to 2015.

Application of Polovodova's method for the determination of physiological age and relationship between the level of parity and infectivity of Plasmodium falciparum in Anopheles gambiae s.s, south-eastern Benin.

Background: Polovodova method based on counting follicular dilatations estimates the number of egg-laying in mosquitoes. However, some researchers doubt the reliability of this method because of the absence of multiple dilatations in vectors after many gonotrophic cycles. It is in this context of controversy that our study was carried out to evaluate the importance of follicular dilatations in the determination of parity levels in An.

Malaria vectors resistance to insecticides in Benin: current trends and mechanisms involved.

Background: Insecticides are widely used to control malaria vectors and have significantly contributed to the reduction of malaria-caused mortality. In addition, the same classes of insecticides were widely introduced and used in agriculture in Benin since 1980s. These factors probably contributed to the selection of insecticide resistance in malaria vector populations reported in several localities in Benin.

Transmission patterns of Plasmodium falciparum by Anopheles gambiae in Benin.

Background: To better control malaria, the clear and urgent need is for improved data to inform decision makers, but in several African countries, there is a lack of baseline data on vectors and variation in the intensity of malaria transmission. This has resulted in the implementation of vector control efforts that ignore variation in vector behaviour and intensity of transmission, an approach that is most often not cost-effective. This study presents a detailed entomological description of mosquito distribution and variation in potentially transmissible contacts of Plasmodium falciparum following a south to north transect in Benin.

Study of the efficacy of a Wheaton coated bottle with permethrin and deltamethrin in laboratory conditions and a WHO impregnated paper with bendiocarb in field conditions.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of WHO impregnated paper and CDC coated bottle based on number of storage days and number of times of consecutive use, in the assessment of insecticide vector susceptibility tests in laboratory and field conditions.

Methods: Larvae and pupae of Anopheles gambiae s.l.

Comparative susceptibility to permethrin of two Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations from Southern Benin, regarding mosquito sex, physiological status, and mosquito age.

Objective: To investigate what kind of mosquito sample is necessary for the determination of insecticide susceptibility in malaria vectors.

Methods: Larvae and pupae of Anopheles gambiae s.l.

Dry season refugia for anopheline larvae and mapping of the seasonal distribution in mosquito larval habitats in Kandi, northeastern Benin.

Background: The dynamics of mosquito populations depends on availability of suitable surface water for oviposition. It is well known that suitable management of mosquito larval habitats in the sub-Saharan countries, particularly during droughts, could help to suppress vector densities and malaria transmission. We conducted a field survey to investigate the spatial and seasonal distribution of mosquito larval habitats and identify drought-refugia for anopheline larvae.

Evidence for perennial malaria in rural and urban areas under the Sudanian climate of Kandi, Northeastern Benin.

Background: In arid settings, droughts usually lead to periods of very low or no malaria transmission. However, in rural Kandi (Sonsoro) in northeastern Benin, several malaria cases are often diagnosed during dry seasons. The underlying factors accounting for this phenomenon remain unknown.

Microdistribution of the resistance of malaria vectors to deltamethrin in the region of Plateau (southeastern Benin) in preparation for an assessment of the impact of resistance on the effectiveness of Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs).

Background: This study aims to research two areas, one with a resistant and the other with a susceptible profile of An. gambiae to deltamethrin in the region of Plateau (southern Benin). In each area, eight localities were sought.

Durability assessment results suggest a serviceable life of two, rather than three, years for the current long-lasting insecticidal (mosquito) net (LLIN) intervention in Benin.

Background: LLIN distribution, every three years, is a key intervention of Benin's malaria control strategy. However, data from the field indicate that LLIN lifespan appears to vary based on both intrinsic (to the LLIN) and extrinsic factors.

Methods: We monitored two indicators of LLIN durability, survivorship and integrity, to validate the three-year-serviceable-life assumption.