Neutrophil extracellular traps promote tumor chemoresistance to anthracyclines.

The microenvironment plays an important role in promoting tumor cell chemoresistance, but the mechanisms responsible for this effect are not clear. Here, using models of multiple myeloma (MM) and solid cancers, we demonstrate a novel mechanism mediated by neutrophils, a major cell population in the bone marrow (BM), that protects cancer cells from chemotherapeutics. We show that in response to tumor-derived soluble factors, BM neutrophils release their DNA in the form of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).

S100A8/S100A9 Promote Progression of Multiple Myeloma via Expansion of Megakaryocytes.

Unlabelled: Multiple myeloma is characterized by clonal proliferation of plasma cells that accumulate preferentially in the bone marrow (BM). The tumor microenvironment is one of the leading factors that promote tumor progression. Neutrophils and monocytes are a major part of the BM tumor microenvironment, but the mechanism of their contribution to multiple myeloma progression remains unclear.

A Novel Selective Inhibitor JBI-589 Targets PAD4-Mediated Neutrophil Migration to Suppress Tumor Progression.

Unlabelled: Neutrophils are closely involved in the regulation of tumor progression and formation of premetastatic niches. However, the mechanisms of their involvement and therapeutic regulation of these processes remain elusive. Here, we report a critical role of neutrophil peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) in neutrophil migration in cancer.

Bendable osteochondral allografts for patellar resurfacing: A finite element analysis of congruence.

Osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation provides a safe and effective treatment option for large cartilage defects, but its use is limited partly due to the difficulty of matching articular surface curvature between donor and recipient. We hypothesize that bendable OCAs may provide better curvature matching for patella transplants in the patellofemoral joint (PFJ). This finite element study investigates PFJ congruence for unbent and bendable OCAs, at various flexion angles.

An Analysis of Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Groove Morphology and Tendon Instability.

Background: The extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) tendon has a distinct subsheath at the distal ulna. Symptomatic tears of this subsheath and subluxation of the ECU tendon often require reconstruction. We sought to determine the anatomical constraints of the ECU subsheath.

International Orthopaedic Volunteer Opportunities in Low and Middle-Income Countries.

Globally, the burden of musculoskeletal conditions continues to rise, disproportionately affecting low and middle-income countries (LMICs). The ability to meet these orthopaedic surgical care demands remains a challenge. To help address these issues, many orthopaedic surgeons seek opportunities to provide humanitarian assistance to the populations in need.

A novel treatment for prevention of post-traumatic elbow stiffness using onaBotulinum toxin type A: a prospective placebo controlled randomized trial.

Approximately 30% of all upper extremity fractures are elbow fractures which may result elbow stiffness. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of onaBotulinum Toxin type A injection to prevent post-traumatic pain and elbow-stiffness. All patients were included who presented to a single surgeon with supracondylar/ intraarticular distal humerus fractures, proximal ulna and radius fractures.

Flexor tenosynovectomy in carpal tunnel syndrome as a screening tool for early diagnosis of amyloidosis.

Introduction: Amyloidosis is a heterogeneous group of diseases that most often presents with advanced cardiac pathology. Another presentation of the disease can include symptoms consistent with carpal tunnel syndrome; however, the true incidence of amyloidosis in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome remains unclear.

Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review on all patients who underwent an open carpal tunnel release, with tenosynovium biopsy by a single surgeon between 01/2000 and 12/2018.

Neck and Back Sprain and Hand Flexor Tendon Repair Are More Common in Victims of Domestic Violence Compared With Patients Who Were Not Victims of Domestic Violence: A Comparative Study of 1,204,596 Patients Using the National Trauma Data Bank.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the most common orthopedic diagnoses and procedures among patients who experience domestic violence (DV) and to determine whether these were more common in patients who experienced DV compared with those who did not.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of all patients identified in the National Trauma Data Bank. Patients were divided into two cohorts for comparison: victims of DV and all other patients.

The history of orthopaedic surgery in India: from antiquity to present.

Indian orthopedists have a legacy dating back more than 4000 years. Starting with the Harappan civilization, ancient orthopaedic surgeons reduced fractures and conducted therapeutic trepanations. Since then, Indian physicians have pioneered many of the orthopaedic techniques still used today - including the use of prosthetics, fracture tables, and rehabilitative physical therapy.

Debate Update: Surgery After 48 Hours of Admission for Geriatric Hip Fracture Patients Is Associated With Increase in Mortality and Complication Rate: A Study of 27,058 Patients Using the National Trauma Data Bank.

Objective: To determine the association between surgical timing and short-term morbidity and mortality in elderly patients who sustain hip fractures using a national trauma database (OTA/AO 31A1-3, 31B1-3).

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Level I-IV trauma centers in the United States.

Recurrence Rates of Dorsal Wrist Ganglion Cysts After Arthroscopic Versus Open Surgical Excision: A Retrospective Comparison.

Background: This study directly compares the recurrence rates of dorsal wrist ganglion cysts in patients treated via open surgical excision versus arthroscopic surgical excision. We hypothesized that there would be no difference between recurrence rates with these 2 surgical options.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all patients with a dorsal ganglion cyst undergoing either open or arthroscopic surgical excision at a single academic center with 3 fellowship-trained attending hand surgeons from 2012 to 2017.

Treatment of nonunions of the humeral shaft with nonvascularized fibular strut allograft: postoperative outcomes and review of a surgical technique.

Hypothesis: Persistent humeral shaft nonunions result in continued pain and disability of the affected arm and are difficult to treat even with several surgical procedures and locked plating. A fibular allograft provides bony purchase for fixation as well as rotational stability and bridging of nonunion defects.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of a single surgeon's clinical practice between July 1995 and January 2011.

Estimates of Direct and Indirect Costs of Ankle Fractures: A Prospective Analysis.

Background: The quantification of the costs of ankle fractures and their associated treatments has garnered increased attention in orthopaedics through cost-effectiveness analysis. The purpose of this study was to prospectively assess the direct and indirect costs of ankle fractures in operatively and nonoperatively treated patients.

Methods: A prospective, observational, single-center study was performed.

Treatment methods for post-traumatic elbow stiffness caused by heterotopic ossification.

Hypothesis: Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a common complication of surgically treated elbow fractures that can inhibit range of motion and impair quality of life. Although there are many treatment methods for HO, there is a lack of consensus as to the best option. We hypothesized that contracture release combined with Botox injection would lead to improved functional outcome scores when compared with current treatment methods.

Thumb Disability Examination (TDX) as a New Reliable Tool for Basal Joint Arthritis.

 The general assessment of basal joint arthritis (BJA) is limited using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire. This has been shown to be insensitive to pain and disability levels, leading to the development and validation of the thumb disability examination (TDX) as a specific tool for BJA in 2014.  The goal of this study was to evaluate the reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of the TDX score for BJA.

Scapholunate Ligament Injury: Management Strategies From Occult Injury to Arthritis.

This chapter will explore scapholunate ligament injuries with a focus on injury recognition, diagnosis, the natural history, and options for treatment. Treatment is based upon injury factors, patient factors, and surgeon preference. The classification systems in common use will be discussed, and treatment options will be explored, including nonsurgical, arthroscopic, repair, reconstruction, pain relieving measures, and salvage procedures.

Sequential Radiographic Evaluation During Closed Treatment of Distal Radius Fracture.

Objectives: To test the null hypothesis that there is no significant change in radiographic parameters, which determines an acceptable reduction, beyond 3 weeks in distal radius fractures with closed treatment.

Design: Retrospective review of a prospectively gathered registry of distal radius fractures.

Setting: Academic medical center.

Subtraction hemiarthoplasty in basal joint arthritis: A case report.

Background: Basal joint arthritis is a common disease which is especially present in post-menopausal women. A variety of procedures have been described once conservative treatment has failed. The purpose of our study is to present a novel surgical technique based on a clinical case with three-year follow-up which is highly effective, even after failure of previous procedures.

Musculoskeletal Health Literacy, Pain Catastrophization, and Sleep Quality: Effect on Functional Disability Scores.

Limited musculoskeletal health literacy, catastrophic pain thinking, and poor sleep quality may be associated with adverse long-term health outcomes, but are sparsely studied concomitantly in orthopedics. The purpose of this study was to assess how these factors influence baseline functional disability. Hand and wrist and foot and ankle patients presenting with a previously untreated complaint were enrolled and completed the Literacy in Musculoskeletal Problems questionnaire, Pain Catastrophization Scale (PCS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

Artistic Gymnastics Injuries; Epidemiology, Evaluation, and Treatment.

Artistic gymnastics is a physically demanding sport that requires flexibility, agility, and extreme upper and lower body strength. The specific biomechanics of the sport leads to a unique injury profile. Gymnastic skills require intense upper body weight-bearing, placing unusual forces across the upper extremity joints and predisposing them to injury.

Prospective Analysis of Hand Infection Rates in Elective Soft Tissue Procedures of the Hand: The Role of Preoperative Antibiotics.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic antimicrobial prophylaxis in elective hand surgery in preventing postoperative infection. Between 2009 and 2012, we performed a multicenter trial in which patients undergoing elective hand surgeries were categorized into an antibiotic or control group depending on the center they were enrolled in. Surgical site infections were defined according to the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention.

Radiographic Results of Unicortical Medial Malleolar Fracture Fixation.

Background:: Medial malleolar fractures commonly occur as part of rotational ankle fractures, which often require surgery. Different fixation techniques exist, including unicortical or bicortical lag-screw fixation. Bicortical screws that engage the lateral distal tibia have been noted to be biomechanically superior to unicortical ones with a lower failure rate.

Kienböck Disease: Quality, Accuracy, and Readability of Online Information.

Patients with limited health literacy require online educational materials to be written below a sixth grade level for optimal understanding. We assessed the quality, accuracy, and readability of online materials for Kienböck disease (KD). "Kienbock's Disease" and "Lunate Avacular Necrosis" were entered into 3 search engines.

Biomechanics of posterior shoulder instability - current knowledge and literature review.

Posterior instability of the shoulder is a rare condition and represents about 10% of shoulder instability. It has become more frequently recognized in the last year, even though it is more difficult to diagnose than anterior shoulder instability. As this form of shoulder pathology is somewhat rare, biomechanical knowledge is limited.