Completion of the life cycle of Sarcocystis neurona.

Sarcocystis neurona is the most important cause of a neurologic disease in horses, equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). The complete life cycle of S. neurona, including the description of sarcocysts and intermediate hosts, has not been completed until now.

Early lateral transfer of genes encoding malic enzyme, acetyl-CoA synthetase and alcohol dehydrogenases from anaerobic prokaryotes to Entamoeba histolytica.

The fermentation enzymes, which enable the microaerophilic protist Entamoeba histolytica to parasitize the colonic lumen and tissue abscesses, closely resemble homologues in anaerobic prokaryotes. Here, genes encoding malic enzyme and acetyl-CoA synthetase (nucleoside diphosphate forming) were cloned from E. histolytica, and their evolutionary origins, as well as those encoding two alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHE and ADH1), were inferred by means of phylogenetic reconstruction.

Exposure to community violence in adolescence: trauma symptoms.

This research explored the relationship between exposure to violence and psychological stress among adolescents. It focused on the cumulative experience of recurring community violence during the high school years, differentiated victimization from witnessing violence, and examined four conceptually separate psychological symptoms of trauma (anger, anxiety, depression, and dissociation). Considerable exposure to recurring community violence, but also considerable variation in the amount of exposure, was found in the sample of 455 first-year students at an urban college.

Prevalence of psychological symptoms among undergraduate students in an ethnically diverse urban public college.

The levels of psychological symptoms (anger, anxiety, and depression) among 595 college students in an ethnically diverse urban public college were surveyed. The students reported a wide range of symptoms that were quite similar to those reported by a representative sample of adults in the United States in the 1990s. Among these Asian, Black/African American, Latino/Hispanic, White, and other ethnic minority students, women's levels of symptoms were higher than men's (although the differences were small).

Chitinase secretion by encysting Entamoeba invadens and transfected Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites: localization of secretory vesicles, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.

Entamoeba histolytica, the protozoan parasite that phagocytoses bacteria and host cells, has a vesicle/vacuole-filled cytosol like that of macrophages. In contrast, the infectious cyst form has four nuclei and a chitin wall. Here, anti-chitinase antibodies identified hundreds of small secretory vesicles in encysting E.

Hsp60 is targeted to a cryptic mitochondrion-derived organelle ("crypton") in the microaerophilic protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica.

Entamoeba histolytica is a microaerophilic protozoan parasite in which neither mitochondria nor mitochondrion-derived organelles have been previously observed. Recently, a segment of an E. histolytica gene was identified that encoded a protein similar to the mitochondrial 60-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp60 or chaperonin 60), which refolds nuclear-encoded proteins after passage through organellar membranes.

Family involvement in expanded school mental health.

Expanded school mental health (ESMH) programs address the limitations of traditional mental health agencies in meeting the needs of youth by providing a full range of services in a familiar and nonstigmatizing setting. Because of the central role families play in the lives of children, their involvement in ESMH can enhance the effectiveness of treatments and ensure that services are responsive to the needs of the larger community. Increasing family involvement, however, is a complex and resource-intensive endeavor, and requires consideration of the goals of the ESMH program and potential obstacles to meeting those goals.

Rare presentation of acute urinary retention secondary to herpes zoster.

There are many causes of acute urinary retention. Reported here is a case of one of the more rare causes: herpes zoster. Fewer than 70 cases have been reported in the literature since 1890.

A subtropical case of human babesiosis.

This report constitutes the first well-documented case of symptomatic human babesiosis from a subtropical site, south of the 40th parallel. This paper describes the definitive identification of Babesia divergens infection in a splenectomized patient from the Canary Islands.

Evidence for the bacterial origin of genes encoding fermentation enzymes of the amitochondriate protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica.

Entamoeba histolytica is an amitochondriate protozoan parasite with numerous bacterium-like fermentation enzymes including the pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (POR), ferredoxin (FD), and alcohol dehydrogenase E (ADHE). The goal of this study was to determine whether the genes encoding these cytosolic E. histolytica fermentation enzymes might derive from a bacterium by horizontal transfer, as has previously been suggested for E.

Heterogeneity of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) region within individual deer ticks.

To determine whether nuclear rDNA sequences provide a useful means for assessing the structure of populations of Ixodes ticks, we compared variability among copies of an internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) sequence within individual ticks to the variability between ticks. At least 4% of the nucleotides comprising this sequence vary among the copies present within individual ticks. ITS-2 diversity in each of two ticks is nearly half as great as that reported between ticks from geographically disparate populations.

An interactionist's approach to perioperative nursing.

Most nurse-patient interactions in the OR are of short duration; therefore, formulating appropriate care plans for accurate patient assessments is paramount. Observations of a patient's behavior without a deliberative exploration to disclose the behavioral meanings can lead to erroneous nursing diagnoses and interventions. A perioperative nurse who uses the theoretical approach developed by Ida Jean Orlando, RN, MA, will be able to identify the patient's covert needs, thereby providing timely, therapeutic nursing interventions.

Patterns of ICD-9 diagnoses among adolescents using school-based clinics: diagnostic categories by school level and gender.

Purpose: Understanding utilization patterns in school clinics is important in discerning potential health outcomes among adolescents. This study reports on high-middle school and gender differences in ICD-9 diagnostic codes for students using Baltimore school clinics in the academic year 1989-90.

Methods: 12,953 visits resulted in 17,241 individual diagnoses.

[Patient isolation in a psychiatric clinic].

Restrictive measures are widely used in psychiatric hospitals. But they are ill reputed. Little is known about them.

Length-based endotracheal tube and emergency equipment in pediatrics.

Hypothesis: Pediatric endotracheal (ET) tubes can be accurately selected based on body length using a specialized emergency tape.

Population: Derivation set: Two hundred five children undergoing elective surgery. Validation set: Two hundred thirteen children undergoing elective surgery.

Bringing parents into school clinics: parent attitudes toward school clinics and contraception.

Prior to implementing a change in school clinic policy to allow dispensing of contraceptives, parents of school-based clinic (SBC) enrollees were surveyed regarding attitudes toward clinic quality of care, desired services, and contraceptive distribution. Telephone interviews were conducted with a systematic sample of 262 parents who normally are in charge of the adolescent's health care. Parental opinion was felt to be crucial in shaping Baltimore SBC contraception policy.

Diagnostic utility of lower extremity radiographs of young children with gait disturbance.

The diagnostic utility of lower extremity radiographs was evaluated using 84 outpatients 1 to 5 years of age with gait disturbance whose lower extremities appeared physically normal. Chief complaints included limp (65 children [77%]), refusal to walk or stand (37 children [44%]), and frequent falling (6 children [7%]). A total of 43 children (51%) had more than one complaint.

Intracranial injury after moderate head trauma in children.

We retrospectively evaluated the records of 459 children who had normal findings on a neurologic examination after moderate head injury characterized by brief loss of consciousness. Skull x-ray examination had been performed in 358 children, and 52 (14%) had fractures. Intracranial complications developed in six children (1.

An electron microscopic study of somatostatin immunoreactive structures in lamina II of the rat spinal cord.

We are reporting the results of a light and electron microscopic study of somatostatin (SOM) immunoreactive (I) structures in lamina II of the lumbar spinal cord of the rat. At the light microscopic level, the observed distribution and morphology of SOM-I cell bodies and fibers confirmed published studies. At the electron microscopic level, SOM immunostaining in perikarya was localized to the golgi region.