Impact of different 2D materials on the efficacy of photothermal and photodynamic therapy in 3D-bioprinted breast cancer.

The convergence of nanotechnology and tissue engineering has paved the way for innovative cancer treatments that leverage the unique light absorption properties of nanomaterials. Indeed, photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilize nanomaterials to convert near-infrared light into therapeutic energy for cancer treatment. This study focuses on the application of poly(lactic--glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds, enhanced by graphene oxide, TiCT MXene, and TiS transition metal dichalcogenides for PDT and PTT treatments evaluated within 3D-bioprinted breast cancers.

Modular Nanotransporters Deliver Anti-Keap1 Monobody into Mouse Hepatocytes, Thereby Inhibiting Production of Reactive Oxygen Species.

The study of oxidative stress in cells and ways to prevent it attract increasing attention. Antioxidant defense of cells can be activated by releasing the transcription factor Nrf2 from a complex with Keap1, its inhibitor protein. The aim of the work was to study the effect of the modular nanotransporter (MNT) carrying an R1 anti-Keap1 monobody (MNT) on cell homeostasis.

TiCT -UHMWPE Nanocomposites-Towards an Enhanced Wear-Resistance of Biomedical Implants.

There is an urgent need to enhance the mechanical and biotribological performance of polymeric materials utilized in biomedical devices such as load-bearing artificial joints, notably ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). While two-dimensional (2D) materials like graphene, graphene oxide (GO), reduced GO, or hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) have shown promise as reinforcement phases in polymer matrix composites (PMCs), the potential of MXenes, known for their chemical inertness, mechanical robustness, and wear-resistance, remains largely unexplored in biotribology. This study aims to address this gap by fabricating TiCT -UHMWPE nanocomposites using compression molding.

Optimization of a Modular Nanotransporter Design for Targeted Intracellular Delivery of Photosensitizer.

Modular nanotransporters (MNTs) are drug delivery systems for targeted cancer treatment. As MNTs are composed of several modules, they offer the advantage of high specificity and biocompatibility in delivering drugs to the target compartment of cancer cells. The large carrier module brings together functioning MNT modules and serves as a platform for drug attachment.

Susceptibility of hepato-splanchnic perfusion to intra-abdominal pressure in peritoneal dialysis patients.

Background: The impact of peritoneal filling on hepato-splanchnic perfusion during peritoneal dialysis has not been fully elucidated yet.

Methods: Measurements were done in 20 prevalent peritoneal dialysis patients during a peritoneal equilibration test (PET) with 2L of standard dialysate. Data were obtained in the drained state at baseline (), after instillation (), and after 2 h of dwell time ().

Prevalence of undetected chronic kidney disease in high-risk middle-aged patients in primary care: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: The global health burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) results from both the disease itself and the numerous health problems associated with it. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of previously undetected CKD in middle-aged patients with risk factors for CKD. Identified patients were included in the Styrian nephrology awareness program "kidney.

Protocols for collecting mouse PDL cells and bone marrow cells, differentiation, and data analysis.

Periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) and macrophages in bone marrow cells have been widely used to investigate novel therapeutic agents to treat periodontitis. Here, we present a protocol for collecting primary mouse PDLCs and bone marrow cells. We detail steps for culturing and differentiation for both cell types and review data analysis for in vitro experiments using primary PDLCs and bone marrow cells.

2D materials for Tribo-corrosion and -oxidation protection: A review.

The recent rise of 2D materials has extended the opportunities of tuning a variety of properties. Tribo-corrosion, the complex synergy between mechanical wear and chemical corrosion, poses significant challenges across numerous industries where materials are subjected to both tribological stressing and corrosive environments. This intricate interplay often leads to accelerated material degradation and failure.

Covalent organic frameworks in tribology - A perspective.

Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) are an emerging class of crystalline porous materials formed through covalent bonds between organic building blocks. COFs uniquely combine a large surface area, an excellent stability, numerous abundant active sites, and tunable functionalities, thus making them highly attractive for numerous applications. Especially, their abundant active sites and weak interlayer interaction make these materials promising candidates for tribological research.

Differences in drug removal between standard high-flux and medium cut-off dialyzers in a case of severe vancomycin toxicity.

Vancomycin is a widely used glycopeptide antibiotic with the need for therapeutic drug monitoring to avoid renal toxicity. We report a case of severe vancomycin-associated anuric acute kidney injury managed with successful drug-removal by hemodialysis (HD) using different types of dialyzers. Medium cut-off (MCO) and high-flux dialyzers were effective in drug removal.

Introduction to 2D materials and their applications.

Diana Berman, Agnieszka Jastrzebska, Massimiliano Papi, and Andreas Rosenkranz introduce the themed issue on 2D materials and their applications.

Cholemic Nephropathy: Role in Acute Kidney Injury in Cholestasis and Cirrhosis.

The concept of structural kidney damage and renal dysfunction as a result of jaundice attracted attention in the medical community in the early and mid-20th century. The postulated doctrine of the time was that the excretion of elevated concentrations of bile results in bile-stained casts occupying collecting and distal convoluted tubules, degeneration of tubular epithelium, and decreased renal function. Compared to the hepatorenal syndrome, the poster child of hepatology and nephrology collaboration, the notion of structural kidney damage and renal dysfunction as a result of cholemia lost its traction and has almost disappeared from modern textbooks.

Ruxolitinib, IV Immunoglobulin, and High-Dose Glucocorticoids for Critically Ill Adults With Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Single-Center Observational Pilot Study.

Objectives: Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) is a cytokine-driven inflammatory syndrome that is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality and frequently leads to ICU admission. Overall survival in adults with sHLH remains poor, especially in those requiring intensive care. Classical chemotherapeutic treatment exhibits myelosuppression and toxicity.

MXene-Based Elastomer Mimetic Stretchable Sensors: Design, Properties, and Applications.

Flexible sensors based on MXene-polymer composites are highly prospective for next-generation wearable electronics used in human-machine interfaces. One of the motivating factors behind the progress of flexible sensors is the steady arrival of new conductive materials. MXenes, a new family of 2D nanomaterials, have been drawing attention since the last decade due to their high electronic conductivity, processability, mechanical robustness and chemical tunability.

Intracellular Degradation of SARS-CoV-2 N-Protein Caused by Modular Nanotransporters Containing Anti-N-Protein Monobody and a Sequence That Recruits the Keap1 E3 Ligase.

The proper viral assembly relies on both nucleic acids and structural viral proteins. Thus a biologically active agent that provides the degradation of one of these key proteins and/or destroys the viral factory could suppress viral replication efficiently. The nucleocapsid protein (N-protein) is a key protein for the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

A novel macrolide-Del-1 axis to regenerate bone in old age.

Aging is associated with increased susceptibility to chronic inflammatory bone loss disorders, such as periodontitis, in large part due to the impaired regenerative potential of aging tissues. DEL-1 exerts osteogenic activity and promotes bone regeneration. However, DEL-1 expression declines with age.

Modular Nanotransporters Delivering Biologically Active Molecules to the Surface of Mitochondria.

Treatment of various diseases, in particular cancer, usually requires the targeting of biologically active molecules at a selected subcellular compartment. We modified our previously developed modular nanotransporters (MNTs) for targeting mitochondria. The new MNTs are capable of binding to the protein predominantly localized on the outer mitochondrial membrane, Keap1.

Randomized Trial on the Effect of an Oral Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor in the Treatment of IgA Nephropathy.

Introduction: We reported increased spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) expression in kidney biopsies of patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and that inhibition of SYK reduces inflammatory cytokines production from IgA stimulated mesangial cells.

Methods: This study was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial of fostamatinib (an oral SYK inhibitor) in 76 patients with IgAN. Patients were randomized to receive placebo, fostamatinib at 100 mg or 150 mg twice daily for 24 weeks on top of maximum tolerated dose of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors.