Osteoarthritic Synovial Fluid and TGF-β1 Induce Interleukin-18 in Articular Chondrocytes.

Objective: Synovial fluid (SF) plays an important role in the maintenance of articular cartilage. SF is a dynamic reservoir of proteins derived from cartilage and synovial tissue; thus, its composition may serve as a biomarker that reflects the health and pathophysiological condition of the joint. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the osteoarthritic synovial fluid (OASF) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) activity in articular chondrocytes catabolic and inflammatory responses.

Human dental follicle cells express embryonic, mesenchymal and neural stem cells markers.

Objective: This study was conducted to identify and characterize dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) by analyzing expression of embryonic, mesenchymal and neural stem cells surface markers. Design Dental follicle cells (DFCs) were evaluated by immunocytochemistry using embryonic stem cells markers (OCT4 and SOX2), mesenchmal stem cells (MSCs) markers (Notch1, active Notch1, STRO, CD44, HLA-ABC, CD90), neural stem cells markers (Nestin and β-III-tubulin), neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) markers (p75 and HNK1) and a glial cells marker (GFAP). RT-PCR was performed to identify the expression of OCT4 and NANOG in DFCs and dental follicle tissue.

S-nitrosoglutathione accelerates recovery from 5-fluorouracil-induced oral mucositis.

Introduction: Mucositis induced by anti-neoplastic drugs is an important, dose-limiting and costly side-effect of cancer therapy.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of the topical application of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), a nitric oxide donor, on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced oral mucositis in hamsters.

Materials And Methods: Oral mucositis was induced in male hamsters by two intraperitoneal administrations of 5-FU on the first and second days of the experiment (60 and 40 mg/kg, respectively) followed by mechanical trauma on the fourth day.

The role of the blood-brain barrier in the development and treatment of migraine and other pain disorders.

The function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) related to chronic pain has been explored for its classical role in regulating the transcellular and paracellular transport, thus controlling the flow of drugs that act at the central nervous system, such as opioid analgesics (e.g., morphine) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Effect of thyroid hormone T3 on myosin-Va expression in the central nervous system.

Thyroid hormones (THs) are essential for brain development, where they regulate gliogenesis, myelination, cell proliferation and protein synthesis. Hypothyroidism severely affects neuronal growth and establishment of synaptic connections. Triiodothyronine (T3), the biologically active form of TH, has a central function in these activities.