General Outcomes of Bystander Action Scale: Factor Structure and Utility in Predicting Future Bystander Behaviors.

Many universities have implemented bystander training programs to prevent relationship violence and sexual assault. Such programs encourage students to engage in behaviors to prevent interpersonal violence (i.e.

A randomized controlled effectiveness trial of transdiagnostic treatment and measurement-based care for adolescents with emotional disorders in community clinics.

This article presents primary outcomes from the Community Study of Outcome Monitoring for Emotional Disorders in Teens, a two-site, randomized controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of the plus measurement-based care (UP-A), measurement-based care alone (TAU+), and treatment as usual (TAU) in community mental health clinics. A total of 174 clinicians were randomized to implement TAU ( = 49), TAU plus an MBC measure (TAU+; = 63), or UP-A plus MBC (UP-A; = 62). In addition, 196 adolescents were randomized to receive 16 weeks of either TAU ( = 68), TAU+ ( = 60), or UP-A ( = 68).

Améliorer la sécurité à vélo chez les enfants et les adolescents.

Le vélo demeure une activité populaire pour les enfants et les adolescents du monde entier; elle combine le plaisir de se déplacer rapidement et de nombreux avantages pour la santé et la société. Cependant, le vélo est également associé à un risque de blessures graves et de décès. Depuis dix ans, les recherches démontrent de plus en plus que l'amélioration de la sécurité des cyclistes dépend en grande partie de l'environnement dans lequel ils se déplacent et de mesures de sécurité individuelles comme le port du casque.

Improving cycling safety for children and youth.

Cycling remains a popular activity for children and youth around the world, combining the fun of moving at speed with numerous health and societal benefits. However, cycling is also associated with risk for serious injury and death. Over the past decade, research has increasingly shown that improving safety for cyclists depends, in large part, on the environment they are cycling in as well as on individual safety measures such as helmet use.

Changes in mindfulness facets across yoga, CBT and stress education in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder.

Improving mindfulness is an important treatment target for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). However, less is known about how different treatments impact specific aspects of mindfulness. In a clinical trial (Simon et al.

Efficacy and implementation of exercise-based smoking cessation treatment for adults with high anxiety sensitivity (STEP): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Anxiety sensitivity (AS), reflecting the fear of bodily sensations, is a transdiagnostic vulnerability factor that underpins both affective psychopathology and smoking. Phase II research supports the efficacy of a 15-week community-based intervention (STEP) that combines high-intensity exercise offered by the YMCA with standard smoking cessation treatment (tobacco quitline and nicotine replacement therapy) for sedentary smokers with elevated AS. This Phase III study aims to enroll 360 adults to evaluate whether STEP efficacy for achieving smoking abstinence generalizes to Black and Hispanic smokers with elevated AS.

Virtual urgent care is here to stay: driving toward safe, equitable, and sustainable integration within emergency medicine.

Background: Virtual care in Canada rapidly expanded during the COVID-19 pandemic in a low-rules environment in response to pressing needs for ongoing access to care amid public health restrictions. Emergency medicine specialists now face the challenge of advising on which virtual urgent care services ought to remain as part of comprehensive emergency care. Consideration must be given to safe, quality, and appropriate care as well as issues of equitable access, public demand, and sustainability (financial and otherwise).

Interpersonal Violence, Racial Discrimination, and Mental Health Symptoms Among Adolescents of Color in the Juvenile-Justice System.

The current study examined how interpersonal racial discrimination experiences operate together with other forms of interpersonal violence to contribute to mental health symptoms among justice-involved adolescents of color. Participants were 118 justice-involved adolescents of color aged 14 to 17 ( = 15.77,  = 1.

Study protocol and rationale for a pilot randomized clinical trial comparing processing of positive memories technique with supportive counseling for PTSD.

Background: Research indicates that positive memories have a role in posttraumatic stress disorder's (PTSD) symptomatology and treatment. Following treatment development guidelines, a novel PTSD intervention - Processing of Positive Memories Technique (PPMT) - was developed and subsequently examined for its effects and feasibility in pilot studies. Extending this research, the proposed pilot randomized clinical trial with PPMT and Supportive Counseling (SC) arms will examine PPMT's effects on PTSD severity and biomarkers of stress systems' dysregulation (awakening salivary alpha amylase [sAA] and cortisol concentrations); examine mechanistic targets (affect) underlying PPMT's effects; and refine PPMT.

Changes in positive and negative affect in psychotherapy for depression and anxiety.

Objective: Positive and negative affect play critical roles in depression and anxiety treatment, but the dynamic processes of how affect changes over treatment in relation to changes in symptoms is unclear. The study goal was to examine relationships among changes in positive and negative affect with changes in depression and anxiety symptoms.

Method: This secondary analysis used a combined sample ( = 196) of two trials (Craske et al.

Predictors of clinical worsening during a discontinuation trial of serotonin reuptake inhibitors for obsessive compulsive disorder.

Objective: To explore predictors and moderators of clinical worsening during a double-blind trial in which patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) were randomized to either continue or discontinue their Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SRI) medication after achieving wellness from the addition of exposure and response prevention (EX/RP) therapy.

Method: The data came from a double-blind discontinuation trial that included N = 101 participants, 35 of whom were removed from the study due to clinical worsening. We first used LASSO logistic regression to identify which of the 34 potential baseline variables of interest (including demographics, diagnoses, other relevant clinical constructs, and specific genotypes), might moderate or predict this clinical worsening.

Predictors of EX/RP alone versus EX/RP with medication for adults with OCD: does medication status moderate outcomes?

Exposure and response prevention (EX/RP) can be delivered as monotherapy or to augment serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs). While both options are considered effective OCD treatments, responses are heterogenous. Substantial work has investigated EX/RP predictors to account for this variability in responses, with mixed findings.

What good are positive emotions for treatment? A replication test of whether trait positive emotionality predicts response to exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder.

Background: Positive valence emotions serve functions that may facilitate response to exposure therapy - they encourage approach behavior, diminish perceived threat reactivity, and enhance assimilation of new information in memory. Few studies have examined whether positive emotions predict exposure therapy success and extant findings are mixed.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of an exposure therapy trial for social anxiety disorder to test the hypothesis that patients endorsing higher trait positive emotions at baseline would display the greatest treatment response.

External and Internal Validity Considerations in Youth Effectiveness Trials: Lessons Learned from the COMET Study.

Objective: Effectiveness trials aim to increase the generalizability and public health impact of interventions. However, challenges associated with this design present threats to external and internal validity. This paper illustrates these challenges using data from a two-site randomized effectiveness trial, the Community Study of Outcome Monitoring for Emotional Disorders in Teens (COMET) and presents recommendations for future research.

Comparing Kundalini Yoga, cognitive behavioral therapy, and stress education for generalized anxiety disorder: Anxiety and depression symptom outcomes.

Increasingly, individuals with anxiety disorders are seeking mind-body interventions (e.g., yoga), but their effectiveness is unclear.

Effect of cognitive behavioural therapy and yoga for generalised anxiety disorder on sleep quality in a randomised controlled trial: the role of worry, mindfulness, and perceived stress as mediators.

Sleep disturbances are present in ~65% of individuals with generalised anxiety disorder (GAD). Although both Kundalini yoga (KY) and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) are effective treatment options for GAD, little is known about how these treatments compare in improving sleep for GAD and what drives these changes. Accordingly, we examined the effects of CBT, KY, and stress education (SEdu; an attention control condition) on subjective sleep quality (as measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI] and Insomnia Severity Index [ISI]) in a randomised controlled trial of 226 adults with GAD (mean age 33.

Unpacking differences in post-exercise affective experiences between physically underactive and active individuals.

Background: Affective response to exercise (i.e., how individuals feel during- and post-exercise) as well as post-behavioral evaluations of affective experiences with exercise (i.

Using pre-treatment de novo threat conditioning outcomes to predict treatment response to DCS augmentation of exposure-based CBT.

Background: Over a decade and a half of research has resulted in inconsistent evidence for the efficacy of d-cycloserine (DCS), a partial glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate agonist, for augmenting exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety- and fear-based disorders. These variable findings have motivated the search for moderators of DCS augmentation efficacy.

Methods: In this secondary analysis of a previous randomized clinical trial, we evaluated the value of de novo threat conditioning outcomes-degree of threat acquisition, extinction, and extinction retention-for predicting treatment response to exposure-based CBT for social anxiety disorder, applied with and without DCS augmentation in a sample of 59 outpatients.

Positive biases and psychological functioning during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Many individuals have experienced a multitude of chronic stressors and diminished psychological functioning during COVID-19. The current study examined whether biases towards positive social media or positive autobiographical memories was related to increases in psychological functioning during COVID-19. Participants were 1071 adults (M= 46.

Psychological distress and symptom-related burnout in asthma during the COVID-19 pandemic.

People with asthma may be particularly vulnerable to pandemic-related psychological distress, and research is needed to understand the impact of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic on their health and well-being. We sought to study the well-being of people with asthma relative to non-asthmatic controls during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also investigated asthma symptoms and COVID-19-related anxiety as potential mediators of distress.