The II Brazilian Guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 Joint Guidelines of the Associação Brasileira de Medicina de Emergência, Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira, Associação Médica Brasileira, Sociedade Brasileira de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular, Sociedade Brasileira de Infectologia, Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia and Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia.

Objective: To update the recommendations to support decisions regarding the pharmacological treatment of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Brazil.

Methods: Experts, including representatives of the Ministry of Health and methodologists, created this guideline. The method used for the rapid development of guidelines was based on the adoption and/or adaptation of existing international guidelines (GRADE ADOLOPMENT) and supported by the e-COVID-19 RecMap platform.

Brazilian Guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of patients hospitalized with COVID-19: Joint guideline of Associação Brasileira de Medicina de Emergência, Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira, Associação Médica Brasileira, Sociedade Brasileira de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular, Sociedade Brasileira de Infectologia, Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia, Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia.

Objective: Several therapies are being used or proposed for COVID-19, and many lack appropriate evaluations of their effectiveness and safety. The purpose of this document is to develop recommendations to support decisions regarding the pharmacological treatment of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Brazil.

Methods: A group of 27 experts, including representatives of the Ministry of Health and methodologists, created this guideline.

Brazilian guidelines for the treatment of outpatients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. A joint guideline of the Brazilian Association of Emergency Medicine (ABRAMEDE), Brazilian Medical Association (AMB), Brazilian Society of Angiology and Vascular Surgery (SBACV), Brazilian Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology (SBGG), Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases (SBI), Brazilian Society of Family and Community Medicine (SBFMC), and Brazilian Thoracic Society (SBPT).

Background: Several therapies have been used or proposed for the treatment of COVID-19, although their effectiveness and safety have not been properly evaluated. The purpose of this document is to provide recommendations to support decisions about the drug treatment of outpatients with COVID-19 in Brazil.

Methods: A panel consisting of experts from different clinical fields, representatives of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, and methodologists (37 members in total) was responsible for preparing these guidelines.

Early Rehabilitation Index: translation and cross-cultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese; and Early Rehabilitation Barthel Index: validation for use in the intensive care unit.

Objective: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Early Rehabilitation Index to Brazilian Portuguese and validate the Early Rehabilitation Barthel Index for use in the intensive care unit to assess functional status.

Methods: The following steps were performed: preparation, translation, reconciliation, back-translation, revision, harmonization, pretesting, and psychometric evaluation. After this initial process, the Portuguese version was applied by two evaluators to patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit for at least 48 hours.

2018 recommendations for the management of community acquired pneumonia.

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Despite the vast diversity of respiratory microbiota, Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most prevalent pathogen among etiologic agents. Despite the significant decrease in the mortality rates for lower respiratory tract infections in recent decades, CAP ranks third as a cause of death in Brazil.

Diagnostic yield of real-time polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of intrapartum maternal rectovaginal colonization by group B Streptococcus: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Group B Streptococcus is the leading etiologic factor of neonatal sepsis. Intrapartum real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) may allow faster and more accurate detection of maternal colonization. The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of RT-PCR when compared to the reference standard culture in selective broth media collected from rectovaginal tract from laboring women.

Determination of lymphocyte subset reference ranges in peripheral blood of healthy adults by a dual-platform flow cytometry method.

Flow cytometry has emerged as a useful screening approach to evaluate whether specific cell populations are present or absent. Previous studies have shown different reference ranges in several countries. The aim of this study was to determine reference ranges of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood by flow cytometric method in Brazilian adults.

The burden of disease due to tuberculosis in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Objective: To estimate the burden of disease due to tuberculosis in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, in 2009.

Methods: This was an epidemiological study with an ecological design. Data on tuberculosis incidence and mortality were collected from specific Brazilian National Ministry of Health databases.

Nosocomial infections in a neonatal intensive care unit in South Brazil.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the incidence and epidemiology of nosocomial infection in newborns who were admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit in a hospital in south Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted for 1 year among 239 neonates who remained as in-patients 48 hours after admission. The criteria that were used to diagnose infection were in accordance with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Health Surveillance Agency.

Depressive Symptoms and Associated Factors among People Living with HIV/AIDS.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated variables among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in a specialized treatment center in a city located in southern Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Beck Depression Inventory to assess the presence of depressive symptoms. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 53.

Exacerbations of COPD and symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To examine the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and COPD exacerbations.

Methods: We conducted a systematic search of various electronic databases for articles published up through December of 2012. Studies considered eligible for inclusion were those dealing with COPD, COPD exacerbations, and GER; comparing at least two groups (COPD vs.

Temporal trends in tuberculosis-related morbidity and mortality in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, between 2002 and 2009.

The objective of this study was to describe temporal trends in tuberculosis morbidity and mortality in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, between 2002 and 2009. Data regarding mortality and incidence were obtained from the Brazilian Mortality Database and National Case Registry Database, respectively. Crude rates were calculated and standardized by age using the direct method.

Cartilaginous choristoma of the tongue with an immunohistochemical study.

By definition, choristomas are normal tissues found in anomalous topography. The cartilaginous features of these lesions are rare in the soft tissues of the oral cavity. The majority of cartilaginous choristomas of the tongue--the primary site of emergence of the oropharynx--are associated with adipose, fibrous or bone tissues--apart from that, only a few of these were confirmed by an immunohistochemical study.

The anabolic steroid nandrolone enhances motor and sensory functional recovery in rat median nerve repair with long interpositional nerve grafts.

Background: Recovery from peripheral nerve repair is frequently incomplete. Hence drugs that enhance nerve regeneration are needed clinically.

Objectives: To study the effects of nandrolone decanoate in a model of deficient reinnervation in the rat.

Performance of RT-PCR in the detection of Streptococcus agalactiae in the anogenital tract of pregnant women.

Introduction: Infection with Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the most frequent in the first weeks of life of a newborn. The identification of pregnant women with GBS colonization may reduce neonatal infection.

Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated the performance of real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect GBS colonization in the anogenital tract of pregnant women.

Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: a review of epidemiological and clinical aspects.

Introduction: The indiscriminate use of antibiotics associated with other situations has revealed a considerable increase in outbreaks caused by microorganisms resistant to antimicrobial drugs. Among these is the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Areas Covered: This review provides an overview of the KPC-producing K.

Clinical, radiological, and laboratory characteristics in pulmonary tuberculosis patients: comparative study of HIV-positive and HIV-negative inpatients at a referral hospital.

Objective: To compare clinical, radiological, and laboratory characteristics of individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis co-infected or not with HIV.

Methods: A cross-sectional study, in which signs and symptoms were assessed by anamnesis and physical examination in patients hospitalized with pulmonary tuberculosis. The results of sputum smear microscopy and culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as hemoglobin levels and CD4+ T-cell counts, were obtained from medical records, and chest X-ray reports were consulted.

Diagnosis of the pulmonary tuberculosis by polymerase chain reaction: a comparative study between HIV-positive and -negative individuals.

This study was performed to assess the efficiency of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) directly from sputum for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis by comparison between HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals. Sputum samples were collected from hospitalized patients admitted with a clinical diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, and subjected to smear microscopy, culture on LJ medium and detection of M. tuberculosis by PCR.

Quality of sputum in the performance of polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Setting: faster alternative techniques are required to improve the diagnosis and control of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Objective: To evaluate the sample quality in the performance of PCR for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Method: during one year, sputum samples were collected from 72 pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 12 non-tuberculosis controls, which were admitted to the Nereu Ramos hospital, Florianópolis city, Brazil.

Induced sputum versus bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients.

Induced sputum is a useful technique for assessing airway inflammation, but its role in the diagnosis of lung disease in immunosuppressed patients needs further investigation. This study compared the use of induced sputum and BAL in the diagnosis of pneumocystosis, in HIV patients. From January 1, 2001, to December 30, 2002, HIV-positive patients older than 14 were evaluated at a hospital in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Radiographic alterations in patients presenting human immunodeficiency virus/tuberculosis coinfection: correlation with CD4+ T cell counts.

Objective: To look for correlations between radiological patterns and CD4+ T cell counts in patients coinfected with tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus.

Methods: Patients included were selected from among those presenting human immunodeficiency virus/tuberculosis coinfection and admitted to the Nereu Ramos Hospital, located in Florianópolis, Brazil, between January of 2000 and December of 2003.

Results: A total of 87 patients were included.

The clinical utility of induced sputum for the diagnosis of bacterial community-acquired pneumonia in HIV-infected patients: a prospective cross-sectional study.

Background: Bacterial pneumonias have been overcoming pneumocytosis in frequency. Controversy still remains about how to manage immunocompromised patients and those with lung diseases. Sputum analysis is a noninvasive and simple method, and when interpreted according to specific criteria it may help with diagnosis.