Phonetic similarity of /s/ in native and second language: Individual differences in learning curves.

Second language learners may merge similar sounds from their native (L1) and second (L2) languages into a single phonetic category, neutralizing subphonemic differences in these similar sounds. This study investigates whether Dutch speakers produce phonetically distinct variants of /s/ in their L1 Dutch and L2 English, and whether and how this phonetic categorization develops over time. Target /s/ sounds in matching words in L1 and L2 were compared in their centre of spectral gravity.

Sedation and anesthesia for the pediatric patient undergoing radiation therapy.

Purpose Of Review: Radiation oncology is a cornerstone in the treatment of cancer in children. Although painless, there is a requirement for the child to lie still by themselves in the radiation treatment room, for multiple daily or twice daily treatments for up to 6 weeks. Anesthesia or sedation is usually necessary to achieve this in younger children.

Some objective measures indicative of perceived voice robustness in student teachers.

One of the problems confronted in the teaching profession is the maintenance of a healthy voice. This basic pedagogical tool is subjected to extensive use, and frequently suffers from overload, with some teachers having to give up their profession altogether. In some teacher training schools, it is the current practice to examine the student's voice, and to refer any perceived susceptibility to strain to voice specialists.