Fat Content and Energy Calculation in Pasteurized Human Milk: Comparison Between Infrared Analysis and Creamatocrit Method.

This study aimed to analyze and compare the quantity of energy and fat using the infrared analysis and creamatocrit method in pasteurized human milk (HM) samples. This cross-sectional study analyzed 1,858 pasteurized human samples from 317 mothers at a single center. Infrared transmission spectrophotometry (Miris, Human Milk Analyser [HMA], Uppsala, Sweden) and the creamatocrit method were used to evaluate the quantity of energy and fat in pasteurized HM samples.

Teaching and mental health in medical students.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between quality of life, perceived stress, anxiety, and depression in medical students and the university teaching method: traditional method versus active methodology.

Methods: Four questionnaires were administered to volunteer students (n=361) enrolled in two institutions that employ active (Universidade Tiradentes) or traditional (Faculdade de Medicina do ABC) teaching methodology: socioeconomic level; brief quality of life (World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref); perceived stress scale (PSS10); and depression and anxiety scale (hospital anxiety and depression scale).

Results: Of the students who responded to the questionnaires (226 UNIT and 135 FMABC), 70% were female and 67% were White.

Transfusion of packed red blood cells in adults with sickle cell anemia treated at an emergency hospital.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the prescription of packed red blood cells performed by emergency physicians for adults with sickle cell anemia.

Methods: Transfusions performed in adults with sickle cell anemia treated at an emergency service in São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo Brazil, between January 2018 and January 2022 were evaluated. For data comparison, the chi-square2 test was used.

Ultra-processed food intake and food allergy in children and adolescents.

This study aimed to describe the dietary intake of ultra-processed foods (UPF) by children and adolescents with food allergy (FA) and to verify a possible association between the UPF intake with clinical characteristics and nutritional status in this group. This cross-sectional study included 110 children and adolescents with single or multiple FA IgE and non-IgE mediated. We evaluated food intake using the NOVA classification through the three 24-h recalls.

Antioxidant defense of children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis: Association with disease severity.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a relapsing, chronic cutaneous inflammatory disease with onset, in general, in early childhood. Chronic skin inflammation is associated with overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Oxidative stress, an imbalance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant defense, results in tissue inflammation due to the upregulation of genes that encode inflammatory cytokines.

Elimination diet in food allergy: friend or foe?

Objectives: To review and discuss the role of an elimination diet in food-allergic children, emphasizing nutritional aspects for a better practical approach.

Sources: Non-systematic review of the literature.

Findings: Under an elimination diet, food-allergic patients may suffer from growth impairment or obesity and compromised quality of life.

Influence of umbilical cord vitamin D serum levels on the growth of preterm infants.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels at birth in postnatal growth at discharge and 12 mo of corrected age in preterm infants.

Methods: This prospective cohort included 63 preterm newborns born before 34 gestational weeks evaluated from birth until 12 mo of corrected age. The serum 25(OH)D levels in umbilical cord blood and from their mothers were evaluated at delivery.

Serum amyloid A in children and adolescents: association with overweight and carotid intima-media thickness.

Objective: To compare serum amyloid A concentrations between overweight and eutrophic children and adolescents and to relate it to lipid profiles, glucose tolerance, and carotid intima-media thickness.

Methods: One hundred children and adolescents (mean age: 10.8±3.

Sensory analysis of formulations containing whey protein to individuals undergoing bariatric and metabolic surgery.

Background: Individuals undergoing bariatric surgery often have inadequate protein intake, which can cause loss of lean body mass, low level of physical activity and sarcopenia. The whey protein supplement is the most suitable in this situation, however there is a low adherence to long-term use due to the palatability and monotony of the recipes. The aim this study was to analyze the acceptability of recipes containing whey-based protein supplements in individuals undergoing bariatric and metabolic surgery.

Hepatic fibrosis: a manifestation of the liver disease evolution in patients with Ataxia-telangiectasia.

Background: Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a DNA repair disorder characterized by changes in several organs and systems. Advances in clinical protocols have resulted in increased survival of A-T patients, however disease progression is evident, mainly through metabolic and liver changes.

Objective: To identify the frequency of significant hepatic fibrosis in A-T patients and to verify the association with metabolic alterations and degree of ataxia.

Vitamin D deficiency in bedridden elderly people at home.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate serum 25(OH)D concentrations in the homebound elderly people and relate them to level of dementia, nutritional risk, and route of dietary administration.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving 207 bedridden elderly people assisted by the Home Care Service in the city of Santo André - SP, from June to December 2016. The following factors were evaluated: dietary intake of vitamin D, arm circumference, triceps skin fold thickness, calf circumference, nutritional risk by Mini-Nutritional Assessment, level of dementia by the adapted Clinical Dementia Rating questionnaire, and laboratory tests such as serum concentrations of 25(OH)D, ultrasensitive C-reactive protein, alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium, and parathormone.

Homocysteine concentrations in overweight children and adolescents.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe homocysteine concentrations in overweight and obese children and adolescents and relate them to blood pressure levels, renal function, and insulin resistance.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional and observational study with 64 overweight children and adolescents (mean age: 11.6±3.

Iron deficiency anemia in infants in Sousa (PB), Brazil: an association with nutritional status.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in infants and verify the association of iron deficiency with nutritional status.

Methods: This cross-sectional and observational study included 104 infants aged between 7 and 9 months, assisted from August to September 2021 by the Family Health Strategy program in Sousa municipality (Paraíba, Brazil). Clinical and anthropometric data were collected, and a 24-h food recall questionnaire was applied using the DietPro software (version 5.

Association between acanthosis nigricans and overweight with hypertension in children and adolescents from low-income families.

Objective: This study aimed to describe the prevalence of acanthosis nigricans and high blood pressure in children and adolescents from low-income families, and to verify the association of elevated blood pressure with nutritional status and the presence of acanthosis nigricans.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional and controlled study with 232 children and adolescents from an institution for low-income families. Pubertal stage, body mass index Z-score, waist-to-height circumference ratio (increased waist-to-height circumference ratio >0.

Vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents with food allergy: Association with number of allergens, sun exposure and nutritional status.

Our objective was to describe the serum vitamin D concentrations of children and adolescents with food allergy (FA) and to verify the association between the number of food allergens involved, length of sun exposure, and nutritional status. Through a cross-sectional study, 79 patients with FA, from ages 2 to 15 years, were assessed and followed up in a reference outpatient clinic, in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Clinical and biochemical data were collected for analysis of 25(OH)D, calcium, phosphorus, phosphatase, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP).

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios of overweight children and adolescents.

Objective: This study aimed to compare neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio of overweight children and adolescents with the eutrophic ratios and to verify whether these ratios are associated with age, inflammation, Z-score of body mass index, and waist-to-height ratio.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving 64 overweight and 106 eutrophic children and adolescents. Data on weight, height, and waist circumference (body mass index and waist-to-height ratio), blood count (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were collected.

Cow's milk allergy immunoglobulin E-mediated: intake of proteins and amino acids.

Objective: Children with cow's milk allergy may be at nutritional risk due to the lower intake of nutrients, such as protein, calcium, and vitamin A, which are present in cow's milk. The objective was to evaluate children's diets with Children with cow's milk allergy compared with healthy controls as well as to compare the intake of proteins and amino acids from the diet followed by Children with cow's milk allergy who consume special infant formula or plant-based dairy alternatives with Children with cow's milk allergy who do not consume special infant formula or plant-based dairy alternatives.

Methods: Through a cross-sectional controlled study, the dietary intake of 57 children (27 with immunoglobulin E-mediated Children with cow's milk allergy and 30 healthy controls) was evaluated.

Association of serum and erythrocyte zinc levels with breastfeeding and complementary feeding in preterm and term infants.

Zinc is an important nutrient involved in cell division, physical growth, and immune system function. Most studies evaluating the nutritional status related to zinc and prematurity were conducted with hospitalized preterm infants. These studies show controversial results regarding the prevalence of deficiency, clinical implications, and the effect of zinc supplementation on mortality, infectious diseases, and growth in these groups.

Association between ultraprocessed food intake and C-reactive protein levels in preterm and term infants.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine associations between consumption of ultraprocessed food (UPF) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in a sample of term and preterm infants.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 43 preterm infants (<34 wk), chronological age between 9 and 24 mo, were compared with a group of 47 healthy term infants of the same age. Data were collected on dietary intake, anthropometric measures, and serum CRP level (mg/L).

Is There an Association between Vitamin D Concentrations and Overweight in Children and Adolescents?

Objective: To describe the 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in children and adolescents and to verify the association with the body mass index z-score (ZBMI), lipid profile and Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR).

Method: Cross-sectional study with 170 children and adolescents aged between 4 and 15 years (106 normal weight and 64 overweight) from a public institution in Santo André-Brazil. Weight, height and waist circumference were verified and ZBMI and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated.

Official Position of the Brazilian Association of Bone Assessment and Metabolism (ABRASSO) on the evaluation of body composition by densitometry-part II (clinical aspects): interpretation, reporting, and special situations.

Objective: To present an updated and evidence-based guideline for the use of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to assess body composition in clinical practice.

Materials And Methods: This Official Position was developed by the Scientific Committee of the Brazilian Association of Bone Assessment and Metabolism (Associação Brasileira de Avaliação Óssea e Osteometabolismo, ABRASSO) and experts in the field who were invited to contribute to the preparation of this document. The authors searched current databases for relevant publications in the area of body composition assessment.

Selenium nutritional status and its association with SLEDAI-2K, HOMA-IR and lipid profile in Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients.

Objectives: To assess nutritional status regarding selenium in adolescents with Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (jSLE) and analyze possible associations with disease activity, insulin resistance and lipid profile.

Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study of 31 female adolescents with jSLE and 31 healthy female volunteers as a comparison group. We obtained demographic, anthropometric (weight, stature, waist, and neck circumferences), and clinical data (disease activity measured by SLEDAI-2K) from both groups; laboratory data including: lipid profile, plasma selenium, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (usCRP), insulin levels, and glycemia (Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance-HOMA-IR).

Childhood obesity: an ecological perspective.

Objective: To describe the participation of the environment in the childhood obesity epidemic, since childhood obesity currently represents a great challenge, with high prevalence worldwide, including in Brazil.

Data Source: Survey of articles published in the last 10 years in PubMed, evaluating the interface between the environment and childhood obesity.

Data Synthesis: Recent studies show that the environment is very important in the etiopathogenesis of obesity and its comorbidities.

Relationship between body mass index and waist-to-height ratio in childhood.

Objective: To evaluate whether there is an association between the body mass index z-score and waist-to-height ratio of children and adolescents.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a school in Santo André, SP, between June and August 2019. Body mass index was measured for all participants, adopting the z-score cutoff of +2 recommended by the World Health Organization.