Assembly of gut-derived bacterial communities follows "early-bird" resource utilization dynamics.

Diet can impact host health through changes to the gut microbiota, yet we lack mechanistic understanding linking nutrient availability and microbiota composition. Here, we use thousands of microbial communities cultured from human feces to uncover simple assembly rules and develop a predictive model of community composition upon addition of single nutrients from central carbon metabolism to a complex medium. Community membership was largely determined by the donor feces, whereas relative abundances were determined by the supplemental carbon source.

ADAR1 RNA editing regulates endothelial cell functions via the MDA-5 RNA sensing signaling pathway.

The RNA-sensing signaling pathway has been well studied as an essential antiviral mechanism of innate immunity. However, its role in non-infected cells is yet to be thoroughly characterized. Here, we demonstrated that the RNA sensing signaling pathway also reacts to the endogenous cellular RNAs in endothelial cells (ECs), and this reaction is regulated by the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1.