Extending the Chemistry of Layered Solids and Nanosheets: Chemistry and Structure of MAX Phases, MAB Phases and MXenes.

MAX phases are layered solids with unique properties combining characteristics of ceramics and metals. MXenes are their two-dimensional siblings that can be synthesized as van der Waals-stacked and multi-/single-layer nanosheets, which possess chemical and physical properties that make them interesting for a plethora of applications. Both families of materials are highly versatile in terms of their chemical composition and theoretical studies suggest that many more members are stable and can be synthesized.

Detailed Analysis of the Synthesis and Structure of MAX Phase (MoV)AlC and Its MXene Sibling (MoV)C.

MAX phases with the general formula are layered carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides with varying stacking sequence of layers of octahedra and the element depending on . While "211" MAXphases ( = 1) are very common, MAX phases with higher , especially ≥ 3, have hardly been prepared. This work addresses open questions regarding the synthesis conditions, structure, and chemical composition of the "514" MAX phase.

Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Sweet's Syndrome Are Associated with a Mutation in Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1.

Background: Sweet's syndrome (SS) is a febrile neutrophilic dermatosis that has been clinically linked to hematological malignancies, particularly myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), in a number of case series. Many epigenetic changes underlying MDS have been identified, such as a mutation in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene, which causes DNA hypermethylation and alteration of a number of genes that lead to leukemogenesis. However, the pathogenesis of malignancy-associated SS is unknown.

Hispanic ethnicity is associated with younger age at presentation but worse survival in acute myeloid leukemia.

SEER data and a Bronx validation cohort demonstrate that Hispanics present with AML at younger age but have shorter survival than whites.Increased frequency of high-risk mutations in Hispanics provides a potential biologic explanation for poorer outcomes in Hispanics.

Resveratrol prevents rapamycin-induced upregulation of autophagy and selectively induces apoptosis in TSC2-deficient cells.

The mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway is hyperactivated in a variety of cancers and disorders, including lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), which are characterized by mutations in tumor suppressors TSC1 or TSC2. The concern with the use of mTORC1 inhibitors, such as rapamycin or its analogs (rapalogs), is that they cause upregulation of autophagy and suppress the negative feedback loop to Akt, which promotes cell survival, causing the therapy to be only partially effective, and relapse occurs upon cessation of treatment. In this study, we investigate the use of rapamycin in combination with resveratrol, a naturally occurring polyphenol, in TSC2-deficient cells.