Brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål), genome: putative underpinnings of polyphagy, insecticide resistance potential and biology of a top worldwide pest.

Background: Halyomorpha halys (Stål), the brown marmorated stink bug, is a highly invasive insect species due in part to its exceptionally high levels of polyphagy. This species is also a nuisance due to overwintering in human-made structures. It has caused significant agricultural losses in recent years along the Atlantic seaboard of North America and in continental Europe.

Salivary exRNA biomarkers to detect gingivitis and monitor disease regression.

Aim: This study tests the hypothesis that salivary extracellular RNA (exRNA) biomarkers can be developed for gingivitis detection and monitoring disease regression.

Materials And Methods: Salivary exRNA biomarker candidates were developed from a total of 100 gingivitis and non-gingivitis individuals using Affymetrix's expression microarrays. The top 10 differentially expressed exRNAs were tested in a clinical cohort to determine whether the discovered salivary exRNA markers for gingivitis were associated with clinical gingivitis and disease regression.

Comparison of the short-term antiplaque/antibacterial efficacy of two commercial dentifrices.

Objective: The objective of these three clinical trials was to compare the impact of two commercial products, Colgate Total and Crest Pro-Health, on the formation of dental plaque over a 24-hour period of time. The studies utilized the Modified Gingival Margin Plaque Index (MGMPI), a validated and reliable clinical method for assessing the efficacy of products in reducing plaque build-up.

Methods: Colgate Total and Crest Pro-Health were the test products for all three clinical trials.

Evaluation of the antiplaque efficacy of two cetylpyridinium chloride-containing mouthwashes.

Objective: The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the efficacy in reducing dental plaque regrowth of two mouthwashes containing 0.075% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), one with 6% alcohol and one alcohol-free, as compared to a negative control mouthwash without CPC, using the Modified Gingival Margin Plaque Index (MGMPI).

Methods: The study was a double-blind, randomized, three-way crossover, controlled design.

The use of the Modified Gingival Margin Plaque Index (MGMPI) method to investigate the inhibitory effect of various toothpastes on dental plaque formation.

Objective: Colgate Total (CTT) is the only FDA-approved toothpaste for antiplaque and antigingivitis benefits. The objective of this study was to compare the impact of Colgate Total Pharma (CTP), a new variant of Colgate Total, with Colgate Regular Toothpaste (CRT) on plaque formation over a 24-hour period following a single use of the dentifrice.

Methods: CTP and CRT were the two test products.

Clinical investigation of the antiplaque efficacy of a new variant of a commercially available triclosan/copolymer/fluoride dentifrice.

Objective: The objective of two single-blind, three-treatment, crossover design, clinical studies was to evaluate the antiplaque efficacy using the Modified Gingival Margin Plaque Index (MGMPI) scores of three dentifrices: 1) a dentifrice containing 0.3% triclosan/2.0% polyvinylmethyl ether/maleic acid (PVM/MA) copolymer/sodium fluoride in a 17% dual silica base (Colgate Total Advanced Toothpaste-Test Dentifrice); 2) a commercially available dentifrice containing 0.

Analysis of the antibacterial activity and plaque control benefit of colgate total dentifrice via clinical evaluation and real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Objective: This study analyzed, from a combined clinical and molecular biologic perspective, the antibacterial and antiplaque efficacy of Colgate Total dentifrice (CTD).

Methodology: A single-blind crossover study design utilized 11 healthy human subjects. After a one-week washout period, subjects donated dental plaque, received a dental prophylaxis, and subsequently brushed with a test product.

Clinical evaluations of sustained calculus control by Colgate Simply White dentifrice using an in-situ appliance.

Objective: Two clinical studies were conducted to evaluate the dental calculus control efficacy of Colgate Simply White dentifrice versus a positive and a negative control dentifrice, using a published intra-oral appliance and monitoring the prevention of calcium deposition, an indicator of early dental calculus formation.

Methodology: Healthy human volunteers entered into the two double-blind, cross-over studies. An intra-oral appliance was custom-made for each subject.

Clinical evaluation of the anti-plaque effect of a commercial chewing gum.

Objective: The objective of this research was to evaluate the dental plaque control effect of a chewing gum versus brushing with a dentifrice via four clinical studies.

Methodology: Study 1 compared a commercial chewing gum (Colgate Dental Gum, CDG) with a water control after 24 hours post-brushing; Studies 2 and 3 compared CDG to two different brands of commercially available fluoride dentifrices after 24 hours post-brushing; Study 4 examined the anti-plaque effect of CDG plus a regular fluoride dentifrice (Colgate Winterfresh Gel, CWG) versus brushing with CWG alone for five days. The 24-hour clinical tests employed the Modified Gingival Margin Plaque Index (MGMPI), while the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (QHPI) was used for the five-day study.

The technology behind Colgate Simply White Toothpaste.

Colgate Simply White Toothpaste is a new advanced tooth whitening dentifrice that can be used every day. The synergy of abrasive stain removal with activated hydrogen peroxide delivers excellent performance in the removal of extrinsic and intrinsic tooth stain. Colgate Simply White Toothpaste provides other oral health benefits that have become the cost-of-entry into the toothpaste market: caries protection, tartar control, fresh breath, and a preferred flavor.

A new appliance to evaluate the clinical efficacy of dental calculus control agents.

Objective: A new intra-oral appliance was developed to measure the inhibition of early calcium deposition by anti-calculus agents in dentifrice products. Four clinical studies were conducted to evaluate the application of this appliance for short-term (4 or 12 hrs) prevention of calcium deposition after panelists brushed with assigned dentifrices.

Methodology: Residual Ca2+ on the appliance was determined by inductively coupled plasma analysis.