Risk Factors for Failure of Final Anatomic Surgical Reattachment in Retinal Detachments From Combat Ocular Trauma.

Background And Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the anatomic outcome of traumatic retinal detachment (RD) from combat ocular trauma.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective study of patients sustaining a traumatic RD in Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom who were evacuated to Walter Reed Army Medical Center from 2001 to 2011. The Fisher exact test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and Agresti and Coull methods were used for analyses.

Correlative Factors for Traumatic Brain Injury in Combat Ocular Trauma.

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of disability for active duty service members in both deployed and training settings as well as those who have left active service. Service members with ocular trauma are at risk for a TBI and should be screened appropriately. Early detection results in treatment to minimize long-term sequelae which can often be debilitating.

The Impact of Combat Ocular Trauma and Traumatic Brain Injury on Vision- and Health-Related Quality of Life Among U.S. Military Casualties.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess visual and health-related quality of life (QOL) among U.S. military service members who sustained combat ocular trauma (COT) with or without associated traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Small-incision lenticule extraction in the U.S. military: prospective study of visual and military task performance.

Purpose: To assess early visual outcomes and military task performance after small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) among U.S. military service members.

Comparison of Simulation-Based versus Cadaveric-Tissue-Based Ocular Trauma Training on Novice Ophthalmologists: Repair of Corneal Laceration Model.

 The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the simulated tissue models may be used in place of animal-based model for corneal laceration repair for surgical skills acquisition.  Prospective randomized controlled trial.  Seventy-nine military and civilian 2nd- and 3rd-year ophthalmology residents and 16 staff ophthalmologists participating in the Tri-Service Ocular Trauma Skills Laboratory at the Uniformed Services University (Bethesda, MD).

Lacritin proteoforms prevent tear film collapse and maintain epithelial homeostasis.

Lipids in complex, protein-enriched films at air/liquid interfaces reduce surface tension. In the absence of this benefit, the light refracting and immunoprotective tear film on eyes would collapse. Premature collapse, coupled with chronic inflammation compromising visual acuity, is a hallmark of dry eye disease affecting 7 to 10% of individuals worldwide.

Correction to: Preliminary evaluation of the Vision PERformance (VIPER) simulator.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Assessment of Corneal Haze After PRK and the Effect of Sutureless Amniotic Membrane Graft by Corneal Densitometry.

Purpose: To assess whether densitometry analysis appropriately monitors the development of haze in myopic patients after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) when compared to subjective slit-lamp haze grade examinations, and whether sutureless cryo-preserved amniotic membrane reduced postoperative haze development when compared to the standard bandage contact lens.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort at the Center for Refractive Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data was performed. In the prospective study, participants underwent PRK for myopia.

Visual outcomes after SMILE from the first-year experience at a U.S. military refractive surgery center and comparison with PRK and LASIK outcomes.

Purpose: To assess the visual outcomes of small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) after the first year of treatments at a military refractive surgery center and compare with photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) outcomes during the same period.

Setting: Warfighter Refractive Eye Surgery Program and Research Center, Fort Belvoir, VA.

Design: Retrospective study.

Preliminary evaluation of the VIsion PERformance (VIPER) simulator.

Background: This study evaluated the VIsion PERformance (VIPER) simulator's ability to assess the functional visual performance in warfighters conducting civilian and military tasks.

Methods: Thirty service members, aged 25-35 years old with a best corrected distance visual acuity (VA) better than or equal to 20/20 or logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) 0.00, were randomized to locate and identify road signs and mock improvised explosive devices (IEDs) under either daytime conditions or with infrared imagery, with (cc) and without (sc) wearing their habitual correction.

Vision-Related Quality of Life and Perception of Military Readiness and Capabilities Following Refractive Surgery Among Active Duty U.S. Military Service Members.

Purpose: To assess vision-related quality of life and military readiness and capabilities among active duty U.S. military service members undergoing refractive surgery.

Contrast Sensitivity After Wavefront-Guided and Wavefront-Optimized PRK and LASIK for Myopia and Myopic Astigmatism.

Purpose: To compare contrast sensitivity among participants undergoing wavefront-guided or wavefront-optimized photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) or LASIK for the treatment of myopia or myopic astigmatism 12 months after surgery.

Methods: In a prospective, randomized clinical trial, 215 participants with myopia ranging from -0.50 to -7.

Self-Reported Visual Quality of Life After Combat Ocular Trauma.

Objectives: To describe the visual outlook and quality of life of service members after combat ocular trauma.

Methods: In a single-center, prospective observational study of service members sustaining ocular trauma, participants underwent a series of ocular examinations and noninvasive tests, including the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (VFQ-25).

Results: Of the 165 enrolled participants, 137 completed the VFQ-25.

Wavefront-Guided Versus Wavefront-Optimized Photorefractive Keratectomy: Visual and Military Task Performance.

Purpose: To compare visual performance, marksmanship performance, and threshold target identification following wavefront-guided (WFG) versus wavefront-optimized (WFO) photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

Methods: In this prospective, randomized clinical trial, active duty U.S.

Goblet cell response after photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis.

Purpose: To determine whether patients without dry eye preoperatively have an altered conjunctival goblet cell density and mucin secretion postoperatively and to explore what factors affect changes in goblet cell density and mucin secretion.

Setting: The former Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.

Design: Prospective nonrandomized clinical study.

Sutureless cryopreserved amniotic membrane graft and wound healing after photorefractive keratectomy.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of sutureless cryopreserved amniotic membrane (Prokera) on corneal wound healing after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

Setting: Center for Refractive Surgery, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.

Design: Prospective nonrandomized control trial.

Wavefront-optimized surface retreatments of refractive error following previous laser refractive surgery: a retrospective study.

Background: Retreatments are sometimes necessary to correct residual or induced refractive errors following refractive surgery. Many different combinations of primary treatment methods and retreatment techniques have been studied, however, few studies have investigated wavefront-optimized (WFO) technology for retreatment following primary refractive surgery. This study aimed to report the outcomes of WFO photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) retreatments of refractive error following previous laser refractive surgery with PRK, laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), or laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK).

Chronic dry eye in photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis: Manifestations, incidence, and predictive factors.

Purpose: To evaluate dry-eye manifestations after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and determine the incidence and predictive factors of chronic dry eye using a set of dry-eye criteria.

Setting: Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.

Design: Prospective, non-randomized clinical study.

Wavefront-guided versus wavefront-optimized photorefractive keratectomy: Clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Purpose: To compare visual outcomes following Visx Star S4 Customvue wavefront-guided and Allegretto Wave Eye-Q 400 Hz wavefront-optimized photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

Setting: Warfighter Refractive Eye Surgery Program and Research Center, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Design: Prospective randomized clinical trial.

A cleavage-potentiated fragment of tear lacritin is bactericidal.

Antimicrobial peptides are important as the first line of innate defense, through their tendency to disrupt bacterial membranes or intracellular pathways and potentially as the next generation of antibiotics. How they protect wet epithelia is not entirely clear, with most individually inactive under physiological conditions and many preferentially targeting Gram-positive bacteria. Tears covering the surface of the eye are bactericidal for Gram-positive and -negative bacteria.

The U.S. Army Surface Ablation Study: comparison of PRK, MMC-PRK, and LASEK in moderate to high myopia.

Purpose: To compare visual outcomes following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), PRK with mitomycin C (MMC-PRK), and LASEK in moderate and high myopia in military personnel.

Methods: This prospective, randomized contralateral eye study included 167 patients 21 years or older with manifest spherical equivalent -5.99 ± 1.

Polymorphism in THBS1 gene is associated with post-refractive surgery chronic ocular surface inflammation.

Purpose: To determine the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) gene with development of chronic ocular surface inflammation (keratoconjunctivitis) after refractive surgery.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Participants: Active duty U.