Can criminology sway the public? How empirical findings about deterrence affect public punishment preferences.

Background Setting: Punitive approaches to deter offending remain popular despite limited evidence of their effectiveness. This study investigated what effect presenting empirical criminological findings about the effectiveness of deterrence to a general public has on their punishment preferences. It builds on earlier research showing that such presentation reduces the public's inclination towards strict punishment.

Patterns of Failure After Definitive Trimodality Therapy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Background: Real-world outcomes, especially patterns of failure, are limited for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) treated with trimodality therapy (TMT). We aim to evaluate patterns of failure after TMT for MIBC in a typical heterogeneous population.

Methods: In the national Veterans Affairs database, patients with urothelial histology, MIBC (T2-4a/N0-3/M0) who underwent definitive intent TMT between 2000-2018.

Targeted Ganglionated Plexi Ablation With Nanoformulated Calcium Suppresses Postoperative AF Via Vagosympatholytic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects.

Background: The mechanisms underlying postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) remain unclear.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that targeted chemical ganglionated plexi (GP) modulation of all major left atrial-pulmonary vein GP using novel nanoformulated calcium chloride (nCaCl) can reverse postoperative neuroelectrical remodeling by suppressing vagosympathetic nerve activity and the localized inflammatory process, both critical substrates of POAF.

Methods: In a novel canine model of POAF with serial thoracopericardiotomies, sympathetic nerve activity (SNA), vagal nerve activity (VNA) and GP nerve activity (GPNA) were recorded; spontaneous and in vivo AF vulnerability were assessed; and atrial and circulating inflammatory markers and norepinephrine (NE) were measured to determine the neuroelectrical remodeling that promotes POAF and its subsequent modulation with nCaCl GP treatment (n = 6) vs saline sham controls (n = 6).

Ngā Māuiui Kai: creating Indigenous Māori terms for eating disorders in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Background: Māori (the Indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand) report higher rates of eating disorders than non-Māori, but access treatment at lower rates. Diagnostic terms lacking in cultural relevance likely contribute to Māori exclusion in eating disorder spaces. Developing terms in te reo Māori (the Māori language) presents an opportunity to challenge eating disorder stereotypes and increase cultural safety in the eating disorder workforce.

Co-Occurring Mental Health and Substance Use Research Among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review describes studies focussed on co-occurring mental health and substance use (MH/SU) conditions among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, including the: characteristics; co-occurring conditions examined; cultural methodological quality; traditional scientific methodological quality of studies; and study outcomes. A systematic review examined the literature on co-occurring MH/SU conditions among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Four databases were searched, with data from relevant studies extracted for narrative synthesis.

Emotional Intelligence Professional Development at a Health-Sciences University: A Pilot Study in Dental Hygiene Faculty.

Purpose: Emotional intelligence (EI) correlates with an educator's ability to engage with students, leading to a positive experience for the educator and the students. This study evaluated an EI course designed to guide faculty in the advancement of their own EI and their ability to incorporate EI student activities into the curriculum.

Methods: Five dental hygiene faculty participated in this mixed-methods study.

Mental Well-Being and the Quality of Life Among Retired Public and Private Sector Employees: A Comparative Study From Kerala, India.

Background Retirement from an active working environment is one of the important risk factors for mental health problems. The literature on the mental well-being and quality of life among retired public and private sector employees in Kerala is limited. We conducted this study to compare the mental well-being, quality of life and factors associated with them among retired public and private sector employees in Kollam district, Kerala.

Oncogenic Alterations, Race, and Survival in US Veterans with Metastatic Prostate Cancer Undergoing Somatic Tumor Next Generation Sequencing.

Purpose: National guidelines recommend next generation sequencing (NGS) of tumors in patients diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) to identify potential actionable alterations. We sought to describe the spectrum and frequency of alterations in PCa-related genes and pathways, as well as associations with self-identified race/ethnicity, and overall survival in US Veterans.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective cohort study included Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and Non-Hispanic white (NHW) Veterans with mPCa who obtained NGS through the Veterans Affairs National Precision Oncology Program.

Germline genetic testing for prostate cancer: Ordering trends in the era of expanded hereditary cancer screening recommendations.

Purpose: The availability of targeted therapies for advanced prostate cancer led to the expansion of national guidelines recommending germline genetic testing. The aim of this study was to describe recent trends in germline test ordering patterns for patients with prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis of patients with prostate cancer who underwent germline testing through a single commercial laboratory (Invitae Corporation) between 2015-2020 was performed.

Prostate-Specific Antigen and Prostate Cancer in Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy for Transgender or Nonbinary Individuals.

Purpose: The effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate cancer incidence in transgender or nonbinary individuals (TGNB) born with prostate glands remain uncharacterized.

Methods And Materials: The cohort included 1024 self-identified TGNB individuals assigned male at birth who received PSA testing in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, matched by birth year to cisgender men. PSA changes were measured using linear-mixed effects modeling accounting for repeated measures and matching.

Incidence of Erectile Dysfunction and Testosterone Deficiency in Testicular Cancer Survivors.

Purpose: The aim of this project was to characterize the incidence of men's health disorders, specifically focusing on the incidence of erectile dysfunction (ED) and testosterone deficiency (TD) in a large, nationwide study of testicular cancer (TC) survivors treated in a centralized health care system.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of US veterans diagnosed with TC from 1990 to 2021. These veterans were compared with an age-matched and race-matched control group of US veterans without a diagnosis of TC.

[Mentally ill citizens as victims of violation of physical integrity and extermination under the NS regime based on the example of a German city].

Background: Even 90 years after the National Socialist seizure of power and the beginning of the darkest chapter of German psychiatric history, examination of the medical historical past retains great relevance as an ongoing medical responsibility. The interventions in the lives of mentally ill people by the National Socialist regime are a firmly established part of medical historical research; however, little is known about how specific regions proceeded with affected citizens.

Objective: The aim of this study was therefore to identify transfer routes of the "euthanasia" transports and places of death of the victims from Bochum as well as their patient characteristics.

Factors associated with total laryngectomy following organ-preserving treatment of laryngeal SCC.

Objectives: A subset of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) patients undergoing larynx preserving treatment ultimately require total laryngectomy (TL) for oncologic or functional reasons. This study aims to identify TL risk factors in these patients.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study using Veterans Affairs (VA) database.

Prostate cancer in transgender women: A propensity score-matched analysis of disease severity and survival.

Background: Despite the rise in gender-affirming care, our understanding of prostate cancer (PCa) in transgender women (TGW) remains in its infancy. Health disparities and lack of PCa awareness and screening are possible barriers to providing quality care for this population. In addition, the implication of hormonal manipulation for the aggressiveness of PCa in TGW is yet to be determined.

Systemic racism and Non-Hispanic Black to Non-Hispanic White disparities in infant mortality at the county level.

Objective: To use a novel measure of systemic racism to examine its relationship with Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) to Non-Hispanic White (NHW) racial disparities in infant mortality across U.S. counties.

Functional-Molecular Mechanisms of Sympathetic-Parasympathetic Dysfunction in PVC-Induced Cardiomyopathy Revealed by Dual Stressor PVC-Exercise Challenge.

Background: The significance of autonomic dysfunction in premature ventricular contraction-induced cardiomyopathy (PVC-CM) remain unknown.

Objectives: Utilizing a novel "dual stressor" provocative challenge combining exercise with premature ventricular contraction (PVCs), the authors characterized the functional and molecular mechanisms of cardiac autonomic (cardiac autonomic nervous system) remodeling in a PVC-CM animal model.

Methods: In 15 canines (8 experimental, 7 sham), we implanted pacemakers and neurotelemetry devices and subjected animals to 12 weeks of bigeminal PVCs to induce PVC-CM.

Prostate-Specific Antigen Stratification for Predicting Advanced Prostate Cancer Events in Men Approaching Age Limits for Recommended Screening.

Purpose: Our goal was to quantify the ability of various PSA values in predicting the likelihood of developing metastatic or fatal prostate cancer in older men.

Materials And Methods: We used a random sample of patients in the US Veterans Health Administration to identify 80,706 men who had received PSA testing between ages 70 to 75. Our primary end point was time to development of either metastatic prostate cancer or death from prostate cancer.

Racial disparities in colorectal cancer outcomes and access to care: a multi-cohort analysis.

Introduction: Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) Americans have a higher incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) and worse survival than non-Hispanic white (NHW) Americans, but the relative contributions of biological versus access to care remain poorly characterized. This study used two nationwide cohorts in different healthcare contexts to study health system effects on this disparity.

Methods: We used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry as well as the United States Veterans Health Administration (VA) to identify adults diagnosed with colorectal cancer between 2010 and 2020 who identified as non-Hispanic Black (NHB) or non-Hispanic white (NHW).

Characterization of Wnt Signaling Pathway Aberrations in Metastatic Prostate Cancer.

Wnt (wingless-type) signaling pathway (WSP) alterations have been identified in patients with prostate cancer and are implicated in disease progression and hormonal resistance. In this study, we utilized a multi-institutional dataset to characterize molecular alterations in the canonical and noncanonical WSPs in prostate cancer. Patients with prostate cancer who underwent tissue-based genomic sequencing were investigated.