Trends in pathology diagnoses during 10 years of a colorectal cancer screening programme.

Aims: We report pathology findings from the first 10 years of the faecal-occult blood-based Northern Ireland Bowel Cancer Screening Programme, presenting summary data and trends in pathology diagnoses and clinicopathological features of screen-detected cancers.

Methods And Results: Data were analysed from a comprehensive polyp-level pathology database representing all endoscopy specimens from programme inception in 2010 until 2021. A total of 9800 individuals underwent 13 472 endoscopy procedures, yielding 25 967 pathology specimens and 32 119 diagnoses.

High Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor Levels in the Early Post-Cardiac Arrest Period Are Associated with Poor Short-Term Survival in a Swine Model of Ventricular Fibrillation.

Most resuscitated victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who survive to hospital expire due to the postresuscitation syndrome. This syndrome is characterized by a sepsis-like proinflammatory state. The objective of this investigation was to determine whether a relationship exists between the rise of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, following return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and early postarrest survival in a clinically relevant animal model of spontaneous ventricular fibrillation (VF).

Administration of amiodarone during resuscitation is associated with higher tumor necrosis factor-α levels in the early postarrest period in the swine model of ischemic ventricular fibrillation.

To compare the early postarrest inflammatory cytokine response between animals administered amiodarone (AMIO) and lidocaine (LIDO) intra-arrest during resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation (VF). Domestic swine (n=32) were placed under general anesthesia and instrumented before spontaneous VF was induced by balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. After 7 min of VF, standard ACLS resuscitation was performed and animals were randomized to either bolus AMIO (5 mg/kg, n=13) or LIDO (1 mg/kg, n=14) for recurrent or refractory VF.

Assessing the short-term outcomes of a community-based intervention for overweight and obese children: The MEND 5-7 programme.

Objective: The aim of this study was to report outcomes of the UK service level delivery of MEND (Mind,Exercise,Nutrition...

A comparison of etanercept vs. infliximab for the treatment of post-arrest myocardial dysfunction in a swine model of ventricular fibrillation.

Aims: To compare the effects of two TNF-α antagonists, etanercept and infliximab, on post-cardiac arrest hemodynamics and global left ventricular function (LV) in a swine model following ventricular fibrillation (VF).

Methods: Domestic swine (n=30) were placed under general anesthesia and instrumented before VF was induced electrically. After 7 min of VF, standard ACLS resuscitation was performed.

TNF-α blockade improves early post-resuscitation survival and hemodynamics in a swine model of ischemic ventricular fibrillation.

Aim Of The Study: Inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the pathophysiology of post cardiac arrest syndrome, including myocardial dysfunction and hypotension, often leading to multi-organ system dysfunction and death. We hypothesized that administration of infliximab after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) would ameliorate hypotension and myocardial dysfunction and prolong survival.

Methods: Domestic swine were anesthetized and instrumented.

Beta-blockade causes a reduction in the frequency spectrum of VF but improves resuscitation outcome: A potential limitation of quantitative waveform measures.

Introduction: Methods to identify appropriate treatments for the various stages of ventricular fibrillation (VF) involve differentiating groups of subjects who will respond to defibrillation with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and those who require other therapies (e.g., CPR, drugs) prior to defibrillation.

Endothelin-1 attenuates the hemodynamic response to exogenous epinephrine in a porcine ischemic ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest model.

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) increases in the ischemically induced ventricular fibrillation (VF) swine model of cardiac arrest and affects outcome by potentially attenuating the hemodynamic response to epinephrine. Fifty-one swine underwent percutaneous left anterior descending occlusion. Seven minutes postonset of ischemic VF, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was initiated.

Does early postresuscitation stress hyperglycemia affect 72-hour neurologic outcome? Preliminary observations in the Swine model.

Background: Hyperglycemia is common in the early period following resuscitation from cardiac arrest and has been shown to be a predictor of neurologic outcome in retrospective studies.

Objective: To evaluate neurologic outcome and early postarrest hyperglycemia in a swine cardiac arrest model.

Methods: Electrically induced ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest was induced in 22 anesthetized and instrumented swine.

Markers of progenitor cell recruitment and differentiation rise early during ischemia and continue during resuscitation in a porcine acute ischemia model.

Clinical administration of bone marrow-derived stem cells in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) leads to improved left ventricular ejection fraction. Thymosin beta-4 (TB4) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are linked to adult epicardial progenitor cell mobilization and neovascularization and is cardioprotective after myocardial ischemia. This study investigated the time course of TB4 and VEGF during AMI, cardiac arrest, and resuscitation.

Does prearrest adrenergic integrity affect pressor response? A comparison of epinephrine and vasopressin in a spontaneous ventricular fibrillation swine model.

Objectives: Coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) during resuscitation from cardiac arrest has been shown to correlate with return of spontaneous circulation. Adrenergic blockade of beta-1 and alpha-1 receptors is common in the long-term management of ischemic heart disease and congestive heart failure. We sought to compare the CPP response to vasopressin vs.

Neurologically intact survival in a porcine model of cardiac arrest: manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation vs. LifeBelt cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Objective: To compare the LifeBelt (Deca-Medica, Inc., Columbus, OH), a novel cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) device, with manual CPR on the outcome of neurologically intact survival in a porcine model of cardiac arrest.

Methods: Twenty-two adolescent swine were randomized by permuted block design to resuscitation using LifeBelt (n = 12) or manual CPR (n = 10).

Infliximab attenuates early myocardial dysfunction after resuscitation in a swine cardiac arrest model.

Objective: Left ventricular dysfunction after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation contributes to early death after resuscitation. Proinflammatory cytokines are known to decrease myocardial function, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha has been shown to increase after successful resuscitation. We hypothesized that blocking the effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha with infliximab would prevent or minimize postresuscitation cardiac dysfunction.

Transthoracic defibrillation potential gradients in a closed chest porcine model of prolonged spontaneous and electrically induced ventricular fibrillation.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to measure the local electrical field or potential gradient, measured with a catheter-based system, required to terminate long duration electrically or ischaemically induced ventricular fibrillation (VF). We hypothesized that prolonged ischaemic VF would be more difficult to terminate when compared to electrically induced VF of similar duration.

Methods: Thirty anesthetized and instrumented swine were randomized to electrically induced VF or spontaneous, ischaemically induced VF, produced by balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery.

Hypocalcemia following resuscitation from cardiac arrest revisited.

Objective: Hypocalcemia associated with cardiac arrest has been reported. However, mechanistic hypotheses for the decrease in ionized calcium (iCa) vary and its importance unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the relationships of iCa, pH, base excess (BE), and lactate in two porcine cardiac arrest models, and to determine the effect of exogenous calcium administration on post-resuscitation hemodynamics.

Cardiac function and the proinflammatory cytokine response after recovery from cardiac arrest in swine.

Increased levels of cytokines have been reported after resuscitation from cardiac arrest. We hypothesized that proinflammatory cytokines, released in response to ischemia/reperfusion, increase following resuscitation and play a role in post-cardiac arrest myocardial dysfunction. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was induced by coronary occlusion in 20 swine.

Plasma endothelin-1 level at the onset of ischemic ventricular fibrillation predicts resuscitation outcome.

Background: Endogenous vasopressors, including endothelin-1 (ET-1), have been shown to be elevated in patients following resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and are likely a physiologic response to global ischaemia. The importance of ET-1 in the setting of arrest and resuscitation has not been established. Prior work has demonstrated that ET-1 increases significantly after coronary occlusion.

The central nervous system cytokine response to global ischemia following resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation in a porcine model.

Aim Of The Study: Pro-inflammatory cytokines have been implicated as culprits in neurotoxicity following ischemia in small animal models of stroke. The aim of this study was to measure the central nervous system (CNS) cytokine response following resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation (VF) in a porcine model of cardiac arrest and global hypoxic ischemia.

Methods: VF was induced electrically in 11 anesthetized swine.

Endothelin-1 is not predictive of ventricular ectopy or ventricular fibrillation during acute myocardial ischemia.

Endothelin(ET)-1 (ET-1) increases after myocardial infarction and may have effects on myocardial function. ET-1 has also been shown to affect the action potential (AP) which may be arrhythmogenic and predispose to ventricular fibrillation (VF). The effects of ET-2 and ET-3 are uncertain.

Manipulation of lipid bioaccessibility of almond seeds influences postprandial lipemia in healthy human subjects.

Background: Plant cell walls are known to influence the rate and extent of lipid release from plant food tissues during digestion; however, the effect of cell wall structure on postprandial lipemia is unknown.

Objective: The objective was to investigate the effects of lipid release (bioaccessibility) on postprandial lipemia by comparing lipid encapsulated by cell walls with lipid present as free oil.

Design: A randomized crossover trial (n = 20 men) compared the effects of 3 meals containing 54 g fat provided as whole almond seed macroparticles (WA), almond oil and defatted almond flour (AO), or a sunflower oil blend as control (CO) on postprandial changes in oxidative stress (8-isoprostane F(2)alpha concentrations), vascular tone (peripheral augmentation index), and plasma triacylglycerol, glucose, and insulin concentrations.

The proinflammatory cytokine response following resuscitation in the swine model depends on the method of ventricular fibrillation induction.

Objectives: A systemic inflammatory response has been reported following resuscitation from cardiac arrest. The purpose of this study was to compare the magnitude of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) response in two different swine models of ventricular fibrillation (VF) arrest.

Methods: This was a randomized comparative trial conducted with domestic swine (N = 28, mean weight 40 kg, range 34-49 kg) of both genders.

Is the tumour necrosis factor-alpha response following resuscitation gender dependent in the swine model?

Introduction: Reperfusion results in a proinflammatory cytokine response, as has been observed following resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Variations in the inflammatory response have been shown to be gender dependent and mediated by steroid hormones. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the tumour necrosis factor-alpha response following resuscitation was gender dependent.

The effect of ischemia on ventricular fibrillation as measured by fractal dimension and frequency measures.

Introduction: Most animal studies of ventricular fibrillation (VF) waveform characteristics involve healthy animals with VF initiated by electric shock. However, clinical VF is usually the result of ischemia. The waveform characteristics in these two types of VF may differ.

Is all ventricular fibrillation the same? A comparison of ischemically induced with electrically induced ventricular fibrillation in a porcine cardiac arrest and resuscitation model.

Objectives: The standard porcine cardiac arrest model uses electrical induction of ventricular fibrillation. Reported restoration of spontaneous circulation and survival rates in this model are as high as 90% for ventricular fibrillation durations of 7-10 mins, values substantially greater than rates in the clinical population (i.e.