Movies promote tobacco use amongst adolescents: The need for policies to prevent this phenomenon.

Tobacco use is the primary preventable cause of death and disability in the world. To combat the tobacco epidemic, most countries have signed and ratified the World Health Organzation's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC). Article 13 of this treaty requires implementation of a comprehensive ban on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship.

Prevalence of COPD and respiratory symptoms associated with biomass smoke exposure in a suburban area.

Introduction: Biomass smoke exposure (BSE) is a recognized cause of COPD particularly in rural areas. However, little research has been focused on BSE in suburban areas.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of COPD, respiratory symptoms (RS) and BSE in women living in a suburban area of Mexico City exposed to BSE.

Movie Language Orientation, Gender, Movie Smoking Exposure, and Smoking Susceptibility among Youth in Mexico.

Introduction: As a result of globalization, youth in Mexico may be exposed to US culture remotely. This remote intercultural contact may influence their movie language orientation and cigarette smoking. To examine how intercultural contact with U.

Time trends for tobacco and alcohol use in youth-rated films popular in Mexico and Argentina, from 2004-2012.

Objective:: To examine and compare overall prevalence and time trends in tobacco and alcohol portrayals and brand appearances in youth-rated US and nationally-produced films that were the most successful in Argentina and Mexico from 2004-2012.

Materials And Methods:: Top-grossing nationally produced films from Argentina (n=73), Mexico (n=85) and the US (n=643) were content analyzed. Logistic regression was used to determine differences between Mexican, Argentine and US produced films.

Portrayals of character smoking and drinking in Argentine-, Mexican- and US-produced films.

The aim of this study was to assess film character portrayals of tobacco and alcohol use in US and nationally-produced films that were popular in Argentina and Mexico from 2004-2012. We performed a content analysis of these films (n=82 Argentine, 91 Mexican, and 908 US films, respectively). Chi-squares and t-tests were used to compare characteristics of characters who smoked or drank by country of movie production.

Recall, appeal and willingness to try cigarettes with flavour capsules: assessing the impact of a tobacco product innovation among early adolescents.

Background: Use of flavour capsule varieties (FCVs) of cigarettes has rapidly increased in many countries. Adolescents are attracted to flavours; yet, surprisingly, no quantitative study has explored adolescents' perceptions of these products.

Objective: To characterise the appeal of FCVs for young adolescents in Mexico.

Prevalence and Correlates of E-Cigarette Perceptions and Trial Among Early Adolescents in Mexico.

Purpose: Assess the prevalence and correlates of e-cigarette perceptions and trial among adolescents in Mexico, where e-cigarettes are banned.

Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected in 2015 from a representative sample of middle-school students (n = 10,146). Prevalence of e-cigarette awareness, relative harm, and trial were estimated, adjusting for sampling weights and school-level clustering.

Depressive symptoms and responses to cigarette pack warning labels among Mexican smokers.

Objective: We examine whether having depressive symptoms (DS) is associated with different responses to cigarette package health warning labels (HWLs) before and after the implementation of pictorial HWLs in Mexico.

Method: We analyze data from adult smokers from Wave 4 and Wave 5 (n = 1,340) of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project in Mexico. Seven Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) items assessed DS, with scores ≥7 indicating elevated DS.

Linking mass media campaigns to pictorial warning labels on cigarette packages: a cross-sectional study to evaluate effects among Mexican smokers.

Objective: This study assessed the effects of pictorial health warning labels (HWLs) and a linked media campaign in Mexico.

Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected from a population-based sample of 1756 adult smokers, aged 18-55 years, during the initial implementation of pictorial HWLs, which some smokers had seen on cigarette packages while others had seen only the text-based HWLs. Exposure to the campaign and pictorial HWLs was assessed with aided recall methods, and other questions addressed attention and cognitive impact of HWLs, knowledge related to HWL and campaign content, and quit-related thoughts and behaviours.

[Impact of cigarette package health warnings with pictures in Mexico: results from a survey of smokers in Guadalajara].

Objective: Evaluate the impact of the first pictorial health warning labels (HWLs) on cigarette packs in Mexico.

Materials And Methods: Cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of 1 765 adult smokers from Guadalajara, Mexico, 2010. Logistic regression models were estimated to determine the association between recall of having purchased a pack with a pictorial HWL and psychosocial variables indicating their impact.

[Towards informed tobacco consumption in Mexico: effect of pictorial warning labels in smokers].

Objective: Evaluate the effect of the first pictorial warning labels on cigarette packs in Mexican smokers.

Materials And Methods: A population-based representative cohort of smokers from seven Mexican cities was surveyed before (2010) and after (2011) the implementation of pictorial warning labels. To determine the change variables representing the cognitive and behavioral impact of pictorial warnings, bivariate and adjusted generalized estimating equations were estimated.

[Tobacco advertising and promotions: changes in reported exposure in a cohort of Mexican smokers].

Objective: To determine in a population-based sample of smokers the level exposure to tobacco industry marketing through different channels before and after their restriction through the General Tobacco Control Law of 2008.

Materials And Methods: Data were analyzed from a cohort of adult smokers from four Mexican cities who were surveyed in 2007 and 2008. GEE models were estimated for each indicator of advertising and promotion exposure.

Can pictorial warning labels on cigarette packages address smoking-related health disparities? Field experiments in Mexico to assess pictorial warning label content.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the most effective content of pictorial health warning labels (HWLs) and whether educational attainment moderates these effects.

Methods: Field experiments were conducted with 529 adult smokers and 530 young adults (258 nonsmokers; 271 smokers). Participants reported responses to different pictorial HWLs printed on cigarette packages.

[Social marketing and public policies for health: campaign to promote smoke-free spaces in Mexico].

"Porque todos respiramos lo mismo" is a mass media campaign to promote smoke-free places (SFP). The development stages were: strategic planning; formative research; message development; media plan; and impact evaluation. Development involved formation of a coalition of key actors in various sectors.

Evaluation of a social marketing campaign to support Mexico City's comprehensive smoke-free law.

Objectives: We aimed to assess the level of awareness and impact of a social marketing campaign to promote Mexico City's 2008 comprehensive smoke-free law.

Methods: Four months after the smoke-free law was implemented but before the campaign launch, we collected data from a population-based, random sample of 961 inhabitants of Mexico City. We analyzed data from 786 respondents who completed follow-up at the end of the campaign to determine campaign exposure and the association between campaign exposure and changes in campaign-targeted knowledge and attitudes.

Policy support, norms, and secondhand smoke exposure before and after implementation of a comprehensive smoke-free law in Mexico city.

Objectives: We assessed attitudes and beliefs about smoke-free laws, compliance, and secondhand smoke exposure before and after implementation of a comprehensive smoke-free law in Mexico City.

Methods: Trends and odds of change in attitudes and beliefs were analyzed across 3 representative surveys of Mexico City inhabitants: before implementation of the policy (n=800), 4 months after implementation (n=961), and 8 months after implementation (n=761).

Results: Results indicated high and increasing support for 100% smoke-free policies, although support did not increase for smoke-free bars.

Does film smoking promote youth smoking in middle-income countries?: A longitudinal study among Mexican adolescents.

Objective: To determine whether exposure to smoking imagery in films predicts smoking onset among never-smoking Mexican adolescents.

Methods: The analytic sample was comprised of 11- to 14-year-old secondary school students who reported never having tried smoking at baseline, 83% (1,741/2,093) of whom were successfully followed-up after 1 year. Exposure to 42 popular films that contained smoking was assessed at baseline, whereas smoking behavior and risk factors were assessed at baseline and at follow-up.