A Deep Learning Model for Markerless Pose Estimation Based on Keypoint Augmentation: What Factors Influence Errors in Biomechanical Applications?

In biomechanics, movement is typically recorded by tracking the trajectories of anatomical landmarks previously marked using passive instrumentation, which entails several inconveniences. To overcome these disadvantages, researchers are exploring different markerless methods, such as pose estimation networks, to capture movement with equivalent accuracy to marker-based photogrammetry. However, pose estimation models usually only provide joint centers, which are incomplete data for calculating joint angles in all anatomical axes.

Positioning errors of anatomical landmarks identified by fixed vertices in homologous meshes.

Background: Human movement analysis is usually achieved by tracking markers attached to anatomical landmarks with photogrammetry. Such marker-based systems have disadvantages that have led to the development of markerless procedures, although their accuracy is not usually comparable to that of manual palpation procedures. New motion acquisition systems, such as 3D temporal scanners, provide homologous meshes that can be exploited for this purpose.

Youth empowerment in health: a theoretical structure of literacy practices.

Objective: To develop a theoretical structure on literacy practices committed to health empowerment, based on the understanding of school adolescents and members of a Quilombola community in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil.

Method: Interpretative analysis, based on the assumptions of the Grounded Theory and Symbolic Interactionism. For data collection, Culture Circles were conducted with 18 adolescents from October 2020 to August 2021.

Informing Disclosure: Efficacy of a Brief Educational Intervention on Research Participants' Knowledge about Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers.

Recommendations for communicating Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers include pre-disclosure participant education and counseling, to allow individuals to make an informed decision. In a cohort of largely non-Hispanic White, cognitively unimpaired older adults from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention, we conducted a structured amyloid PET disclosure process that included knowledge assessment and education. Baseline participant knowledge about AD biomarkers and research was high, but information needs existed around dementia causes, early AD symptoms, genetic information, and psychosocial consequences of disclosure.

Protocol for Forearm Pronosupination Strength Measuring in Different Postures: Reliability and Influence of Relevant Factors.

Importance: Despite the importance of pronosupination strength, which is key in daily activities, current evaluation protocols are disparate, and results differ regarding the influence of factors such as gender, age, limb dominance, or posture.

Objective: To design a reliable device to measure pronation and supination torques in different forearm positions, considering the influence of gender, age, and limb dominance.

Design: Reliability study with analysis of intrarater and interrater repeatability and examination of the influence of different factors on the strength of pronation and supination.

Applications of Natural Language Processing for the Management of Stroke Disorders: Scoping Review.

Background: Recent advances in natural language processing (NLP) have heightened the interest of the medical community in its application to health care in general, in particular to stroke, a medical emergency of great impact. In this rapidly evolving context, it is necessary to learn and understand the experience already accumulated by the medical and scientific community.

Objective: The aim of this scoping review was to explore the studies conducted in the last 10 years using NLP to assist the management of stroke emergencies so as to gain insight on the state of the art, its main contexts of application, and the software tools that are used.

Feasibility of virtual Alzheimer's biomarker disclosure: Findings from an observational cohort.

Introduction: Increased availability of Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker tests provides older adults with opportunities to seek out and learn results. We evaluated the feasibility of virtually returning AD biomarker results.

Methods: Trained study clinicians disclosed amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) results and provided dementia risk-reduction counseling via televideo to cognitively unimpaired participants already enrolled in AD research ( = 99; mean age ± SD: 72.

The effects of miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion on the upper airway of adults with midpalatal suture in the last two degrees of ossification.

Background: Transverse deficiencies of the maxillary basal bone have been treated in adult patients using miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) therapy. However, the midpalatal suture's degree of ossification may affect the upper airway dimensions. This study compared the volumetric changes of the total upper, retropalatal, retroglossal airways, and the minimal transverse airway constriction after MARPE therapy in patients with midpalatal suture in the last stages of ossification.

Chemical-proteomics Identify Peroxiredoxin-1 as an Actionable Target in Triple-negative Breast Cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is difficult to treat; therefore, the development of drugs directed against its oncogenic vulnerabilities is a desirable goal. Herein, we report the antitumor effects of CM728, a novel quinone-fused oxazepine, against this malignancy. CM728 potently inhibited TNBC cell viability and decreased the growth of MDA-MB-231-induced orthotopic tumors.

Resilience of School Adolescents in a Socially Vulnerable Situation in the Light of Tidal Model.

Background And Purpose: Adolescents in contexts of social vulnerability experience obstacles in the development of their resilience, which compromises the development of coping/response strategies to daily adversities. This study aimed to understand the resilience process of school adolescents in situations of social vulnerability in the light of Barker's and Buchanan-Barker's Tidal Model.

Methods: This qualitative and exploratory study was carried out at a public school in the city of Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil.

Accuracy of a 3D temporal scanning system for gait analysis: Comparative with a marker-based photogrammetry system.

Background: Combining the accuracy of marker-based stereophotogrammetry and the usability and comfort of markerless human movement analysis is a difficult challenge. 3D temporal scanners are a promising solution, since they provide moving meshes with thousands of vertices that can be used to analyze human movements.

Research Question: Can a 3D temporal scanner be used as a markerless system for gait analysis with the same accuracy as traditional, marker-based stereophotogrammetry systems?

Methods: A comparative study was carried out using a 3D temporal scanner synchronized with a marker-based stereophotogrammetry system.

Structure-activity relationships reveal a 2-furoyloxychalcone as a potent cytotoxic and apoptosis inducer for human U-937 and HL-60 leukaemia cells.

Synthetic flavonoids with new substitution patterns have attracted attention as potential anticancer drugs. Here, twelve chalcones were synthesized and their antiproliferative activities against five human tumour cells were evaluated. This series of chalcone derivatives was characterized by the presence of an additional aromatic or heterocyclic ring linked by an ether, in the case of a benzyl radical, or an ester or amide functional group in the case of a furoyl radical.

Apoptosis Pathways Triggered by a Potent Antiproliferative Hybrid Chalcone on Human Melanoma Cells.

The World Health Organization reported that approximately 324,000 new cases of melanoma skin cancer were diagnosed worldwide in 2020. The incidence of melanoma has been increasing over the past decades. Targeting apoptotic pathways is a potential therapeutic strategy in the transition to preclinical models and clinical trials.

External control of fluoridation in the public water supplies of Brazilian cities as a strategy against caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Among the methods currently available to provide fluoride in population levels, fluoridated water is the most successful for presenting high efficacy, safety and good cost-benefit. However, recent studies on external control have shown great variability of fluoride concentrations in the water from treatment stations in Brazilian cities, which must present concentration between 0.6 and 0.

Review of interruptions in a pediatric subspecialty outpatient clinic.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to describe interruptions in the pediatric ambulatory setting and to assess their impact on perceived physician communication, patient satisfaction and recall of provided physician instructions.

Methods: An observational study was performed at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pediatric Gastroenterology clinic. Participation consisted of video recording the clinic visit and the caregiver completed post-visit surveys on communication and satisfaction.

Ethanol Enhances Hyperthermia-Induced Cell Death in Human Leukemia Cells.

Ethanol has been shown to exhibit therapeutic properties as an ablative agent alone and in combination with thermal ablation. Ethanol may also increase sensitivity of cancer cells to certain physical and chemical antitumoral agents. The aim of our study was to assess the potential influence of nontoxic concentrations of ethanol on hyperthermia therapy, an antitumoral modality that is continuously growing and that can be combined with classical chemotherapy and radiotherapy to improve their efficiency.

A model to differentiate WAD patients and people with abnormal pain behaviour based on biomechanical and self-reported tests.

The prevalence of malingering among individuals presenting whiplash-related symptoms is significant and leads to a huge economic loss due to fraudulent injury claims. Various strategies have been proposed to detect malingering and symptoms exaggeration. However, most of them have been not consistently validated and tested to determine their accuracy in detecting feigned whiplash.

Assessment of caregiver expectations of physician communication in a pediatric setting.

Background: In pediatrics, communication often occurs through an intermediary such as a caregiver. The goal of this study is to assess caregiver communication expectations and determine if meeting expectations influences caregiver satisfaction or instruction retention.

Methods: A survey study was performed at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.

Interleukin-31 promotes pathogenic mechanisms underlying skin and lung fibrosis in scleroderma.

Objectives: Cytokines released by infiltrating T cells may promote mechanisms leading to fibrosis in scleroderma. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the Th2 cytokine IL-31, and its receptor IL-31RA, in scleroderma skin and lung fibrosis.

Methods: IL-31 was measured by ELISA of plasma, and by immunochemistry of fibrotic skin and lung tissue of scleroderma patients.

The synthetic flavanone 6-methoxy-2-(naphthalen-1-yl)chroman-4-one induces apoptosis and activation of the MAPK pathway in human U-937 leukaemia cells.

Synthetic flavonoids containing a naphthalene ring have attracted attention as potential cytotoxic compounds. Here, we synthesized ten chalcones and their corresponding flavanones and evaluated their antiproliferative activity against the human tumour cell line U-937. This series of chalcone derivatives was characterized by the presence of a naphthalene ring which was kept unaltered- and attached to the β carbon of the 1-phenyl-2-propen-1-one framework.

6'-Benzyloxy-4-bromo-2'-hydroxychalcone is cytotoxic against human leukaemia cells and induces caspase-8- and reactive oxygen species-dependent apoptosis.

In this study, we investigated the effects of synthetic 6'-benzyloxy-4-bromo-2'-hydroxychalcone on viabilities of seven human leukaemia cells. It was cytotoxic against U-937, HL-60, K-562, NALM-6, MOLT-3 cells, and also against Bcl-2-overexpressing U-937/Bcl-2 cells and P-glycoprotein-overexpressing K-562/ADR, but had no significant cytotoxic effects against quiescent or proliferating human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This chalcone is a potent apoptotic inducer in human leukaemia U-937 cells.

Exercise in Pregnancy: The Impact of an Intervention Program in the Duration of Labor and Mode of Delivery.

Objective:  To access the benefits or harms of an exercise program, based on the current American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guidelines, on the mode of delivery, duration and onset of labor.

Methods:  A study performed at the Hospital Senhora da Oliveira between October 2015 and February 2017. This was a quasi-experimental study involving 255 women divided into two groups: an intervention group engaged in a controlled and supervised exercise program during pregnancy ( = 99), and a control group that did not participate in the exercise program ( = 156).