Disease Modifying Strategies in Multiple Sclerosis: New Rays of Hope to Combat Disability?

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent chronic autoimmune inflammatory- demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). It usually begins in young adulthood, mainly between the second and fourth decades of life. Usually, the clinical course is characterized by the involvement of multiple CNS functional systems and by different, often overlapping phenotypes.

Insight into Risk Factors, Pharmacogenetics/Genomics, and Management of Adverse Drug Reactions in Elderly: A Narrative Review.

The European Medicine Agency (EMA) has defined Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) as "a noxious and unintended response to a medicine", not including poisoning, accidental, or intentional overdoses. The ADR occurrence differs based on the approach adopted for defining and detecting them, the characteristics of the population under study, and the research setting. ADRs have a significant impact on morbidity and mortality, particularly among older adults, and represent a financial burden for health services.

TRAIL-R Deficient Mice Are Protected from Neurotoxic Effects of Amyloid-β.

TRAIL, a member of TNF superfamily, is a potent inducer of neuronal death. Neurotoxic effects of TRAIL appear mediated by its death receptor TRAIL-R2/DR5. To assess the role of TRAIL/TRAIL-R2 pathway in AD-related neurodegeneration, we studied the impact of the treatment with amyloid-β (Aβ) upon cell viability and inflammation in TRAIL-R-deficient mice (TRAIL-R).

Ampicillin plus ceftriaxone therapy against Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis: A case report, guidelines considerations, and literature review.

Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis (EFIE) continues to be a very serious disease, showing considerable morbidity and mortality rates which are influenced by the spread of multi-drug resistant strains occurred in the last decades. Although aminoglycosides were considered the treatment of choice of EIFE, in recent years several studies have investigated alternative therapeutic approaches, including combinations of beta-lactams, mainly because of the aminoglycoside-renowned nephrotoxicity and the widespread development of high-level aminoglycosides resistance (HLAR). In this scenario, we reported a case involving a prosthetic valve infective endocarditis caused by an aminoglycoside-resistant E.

Ampicillin Plus Ceftriaxone Regimen against Endocarditis: A Literature Review.

infective endocarditis (EFIE) continues to represent a potentially fatal infectious disease characterized by elevated morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in antimicrobial therapy, changing demographics and the reduced availability of useful antibiotics combined with the dissemination of multi-drug resistant strains, the mortality rate remained unchanged in the last decades. Nowadays, optimizing the antibiotic regimen is still of paramount importance.

Stem Cells: Innovative Therapeutic Options for Neurodegenerative Diseases?

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of structure and/or function of both neurons and glial cells, leading to different degrees of pathology and loss of cognition. The hypothesis of circuit reconstruction in the damaged brain via direct cell replacement has been pursued extensively so far. In this context, stem cells represent a useful option since they provide tissue restoration through the substitution of damaged neuronal cells with exogenous stem cells and create a neuro-protective environment through the release of bioactive molecules for healthy neurons, as well.

In search of an ideal drug for safer treatment of obesity: The false promise of pseudoephedrine.

Obesity is a major public health problem worldwide. Only relatively few treatment options are, at present, available for the management of obese patients. Furthermore, treatment of obesity is affected by the widespread misuse of drugs and food supplements.

Repositioning of Immunomodulators: A Ray of Hope for Alzheimer's Disease?

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and by the presence of amyloid β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Despite recent advances in understanding its pathophysiological mechanisms, to date, there are no disease-modifying therapeutic options, to slow or halt the evolution of neurodegenerative processes in AD. Current pharmacological treatments only transiently mitigate the severity of symptoms, with modest or null overall improvement.

Anti-malarial Drugs are Not Created Equal for SARS-CoV-2 Treatment: A Computational Analysis Evidence.

Background: The evolution of the pandemic has burdened the national healthcare systems worldwide and at present, there is no preferred antiviral treatment for COVID-19. Recently, the SARS-Cov-2 protease structure was released that may be exploited in in-silico studies in order to conduct molecular docking analysis.

Methods: In particular, we compared the binding of twoantimalarial drugs, already in use, (i.

The immune system on the TRAIL of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterized by progressive degeneration and loss of neurons in specific regions of the central nervous system. Chronic activation of the immune cells resident in the brain, peripheral immune cell trafficking across the blood-brain barrier, and release of inflammatory and neurotoxic factors, appear critical contributors of the neuroinflammatory response that drives the progression of neurodegenerative processes in AD. As the neuro-immune network is impaired in course of AD, this review is aimed to point out the essential supportive role of innate and adaptive immune response either in normal brain as well as in brain recovery from injury.

The Biochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Ozone: The Smell of Protection in Acute and Chronic Diseases.

Ozone therapy has been widely used in everyday clinical practice over the last few years, leading to significant clinical results in the treatment of herniated discs and pain management. Nevertheless, further studies have demonstrated its potential efficacy and safety under other clinical and experimental conditions. However, some of these studies showed controversial results regarding the safety and efficacy of ozone therapy, thus mining its potential use in an everyday clinical practice.

The efficacy of an association of palmitoylethanolamide and alpha-lipoic acid in patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a complex condition, characterized by uncertain etiology and by limited response to therapy. The definition of CP/CPPS includes genitourinary pain with or without voiding symptoms in the absence of uropathogenic bacteria, as detected by standard microbiological methods, or another identifiable cause such as malignancy. The efficacy of various medical therapies, has been evaluated in clinical studies, but evidence is lacking or conflicting.