Long-term outcomes of type 1 retinopathy of prematurity following monotherapy with bevacizumab: a Canadian experience.

Objective: To report long-term structural, visual, and refractive outcomes after monotherapy with intravitreal bevacizumab injection.

Design: Cohort retrospective chart review.

Participants: A total of 56 premature infants with type 1 retinopathy of prematurity.

Pediatric Ocular Injuries: A 3-Year Follow-up Study of Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Care Clinic in Canada.

Purpose: To identify age groups or activities at risk for ocular injuries to provide parents, sports teams, schools, and hospitals with the appropriate tools for prevention strategies.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of all trauma-related cases from 2013 to 2015 and data were obtained with the use of an electronic medical record. All patients younger than 18 years who presented to the ophthalmology clinic with traumatic ocular injuries were included.

Three-year observation of children 12 to 35 months old with untreated intermittent exotropia.

Purpose: To describe the clinical course of untreated intermittent exotropia (IXT) in children 12-35 months of age followed for 3 years.

Methods: We enrolled 97 children 12-35 months of age with previously untreated IXT who had been randomly assigned to the observation arm of a randomised trial of short-term occlusion versus observation. Participants were observed unless deterioration criteria were met at a follow-up visit occurring at 3 months, 6 months, and 6-month intervals thereafter for 3 years.

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level.

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale.

Pediatric ocular injuries: a 3-year review of patients presenting to an emergency department in Canada.

Background: Ocular traumas represent the most common cause of noncongenital blindness in children. Sports are the second most common cause in children less than 14 years old in Canada. To our knowledge, there have not yet been any reports regarding the causes of pediatric ocular trauma in the Quebec population.

Co-delivery of miR-181a and melphalan by lipid nanoparticles for treatment of seeded retinoblastoma.

Melphalan is an efficient chemotherapeutic agent that is currently used to treat retinoblastoma (Rb); however, the inherent risk of immunogenicity and the hazardous integration of this drug in healthy cells is inevitable. MicroRNAs are short non-coding single-stranded RNAs that affect a vast range of biological processes. Previously, we focused on the regulatory role of miR-181a during cancer development and progression.

A Randomized Clinical Trial of Immediate versus Delayed Glasses for Moderate Hyperopia in 1- and 2-Year-Olds.

Purpose: Two strategies were compared for managing moderate hyperopia without manifest strabismus among 1- and 2-year-old children: (1) immediate prescription of glasses versus (2) observation without glasses unless reduced distance visual acuity (VA), reduced stereoacuity, or manifest strabismus.

Design: Prospective randomized clinical trial.

Participants: A total of 130 children aged 1 to 2 years with hyperopia between +3.

The effects of the age of onset of strabismus on monocular and binocular visual function in genetically identical twins.

Objective: Both genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of strabismus and subsequent ocular dominance and amblyopia. Our purpose was to compare the characteristics of sensory visual function in 2 adult monozygotic (genetically identical) twins who presented with esotropia at different ages.

Methods: Monocular and binocular visual function was measured in the twins.

Relationship among clinical factors in childhood intermittent exotropia.

Purpose: To determine the relationships between stereoacuity, control of exotropia, and angle of deviation in children with intermittent exotropia (IXT).

Methods: Data collected for 652 participants 3 to <11 years of age with IXT meeting eligibility criteria for enrollment into one of two multicenter, randomized clinical trials were used to evaluate relationships between stereoacuity, control, and angle of deviation at enrollment.

Results: Any level of stereoacuity and angle of deviation could be accompanied by any level of control.

Multiple Cranial Nerve Palsies in Giant Cell Arteritis.

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic vasculitis of medium and large arteries often with ophthalmic involvement, including ischemic optic neuropathy, retinal artery occlusion, and ocular motor cranial nerve palsies. This last complication occurs in 2%-15% of patients, but typically involves only 1 cranial nerve. We present 2 patients with biopsy-proven GCA associated with multiple cranial nerve palsies.

Two Cases of Retinoblastoma Invading the Optic Nerve Sheath.

The authors report two cases of retinoblastoma with extension along the optic nerve sheath with negative surgical margins, a pattern not considered in current classifications but suggesting a high risk of metastasis. Both patients were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy alone and remain free of extraocular disease 15 and 22 months later. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Following Bevacizumab Injections for Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Background And Objective: Bevacizumab intravitreal injection, a vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor, is used to treat retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). However, concerns have been raised regarding its systemic absorption and effect on developing tissues including brain. This study compared neurodevelopment at 18 months' corrected age in preterm infants of <29 weeks' gestation treated with bevacizumab versus laser ablation.

Tonic pupil after botulinum toxin-A injection for treatment of esotropia in children.

A total of 27 children with esotropia (mean age, 3.9 years; range, 9 months to 13.8 years) were enrolled in a 9-month observational study following botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injection of one (n = 7) or both (n = 20) medial rectus muscles.

SYK is a target of lymphocyte-derived microparticles in the induction of apoptosis of human retinoblastoma cells.

Retinoblastoma (Rb) is an aggressive childhood cancer of the developing retina. This disease is associated with epigenetic deregulation of several cancer pathways including upregulation of the proto-oncogene spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK). We have previously demonstrated that lymphocyte-derived microparticles (LMPs) possess strong cytotoxic effect on cancer cells.

Anti-proliferative and anti-tumour effects of lymphocyte-derived microparticles are neither species- nor tumour-type specific.

Background: Unregulated cell proliferation or growth is a prominent characteristic of cancer. We have previously demonstrated that LMPs (cell membrane microparticles derived from apoptotic human CEM T lymphoma cells stimulated with actinomycin D) strongly suppress the proliferation of not only human endothelial cells but also mouse Lewis lung carcinoma cells.

Methods: LMPs were generated either from CEM T cells using different stimuli or from 3 different types of lymphocytes.

Treatment of periocular infantile hemangiomas with propranolol: case series of 18 children.

Purpose: To study the efficacy of propranolol in the treatment of periocular infantile hemangiomas (IHs).

Design: Retrospective interventional case series.

Participants: Eighteen children presenting periocular IH with occlusion of the pupil, anisometropic astigmatism, proliferating eyelid IH, or cosmetically disfiguring periocular IH.

A child with bilateral orbital cellulitis one day after strabismus surgery.

Orbital cellulitis is a rare complication of strabismus surgery. We report a case of a 4-year-old boy with bilateral orbital cellulitis after uneventful surgery to correct esotropia. Concomitant sinusitis was the likely source of infection.