Chronic unexplained anaemia in isolated autoimmune thyroid disease or associated with autoimmune related disorders.

Objective: The prevalence of chronic unexplained anaemia was analysed in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD).

Design: The presence of chronic unexplained anaemia, defined as anaemia not related to evident or occult bleeding and/or to erythropoietic disorders, was retrospectively assessed and compared in patients with nonautoimmune thyroid disease (NATD) and in patients with ATD.

Subjects And Measurements: Biochemical and morphological parameters of anaemia were investigated and characterized in 1643 consecutive Caucasian outpatients with thyroid disease.

Functional characterisation of the CRE/TATA box unit of type 2 deiodinase gene promoter in a human choriocarcinoma cell line.

The regulation of expression of type II deiodinase (D2) is a critical mechanism to maintain appropriate intracellular concentrations of tri-iodothyronine in selected tissues. One of the major regulators of D2 concentrations is cAMP, which potently increases human type II deiodinase (hD2) gene transcription in some tissues via a conserved cAMP response element (CRE) located in the promoter region. In addition, the regulatory region of the hD2 gene contains several TATA box/transcription start site (TSS) units, suggesting the presence of different transcripts that might be characterised by different biological properties.