Objective: This study investigated the effects of recombinant equine IL-31 (eIL-31) in vivo and in vitro.
Methods: Equine IL-31 mRNA sequences were verified by sequencing. Recombinant eIL-31 was produced using mammalian and bacterial expression systems.
Introduction: Canine atopic dermatitis (AD) closely mimics human AD and is recognized as a beneficial animal model. House dust mites (HDM) are a common allergen for both species. The effects of chronic exposure to HDM on the skin have not been studied in this animal model, and it is not known how changes in gene expression correlate to the severity of dermatitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVet Clin North Am Equine Pract
August 2024
Allergy to insects is the most common skin allergy in horses. Pruritus in affected patients can be extreme. Face, ears, mane, and tail area are commonly affected areas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAutoimmune dermatopathies are not common in horses. These autoimmune diseases can be idiopathic or triggered by an antigen such as drugs, vaccines, or neoplasia. The most common one is pemphigus foliaceus, which manifests as a pustular, crusting eruption.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFilaggrin is important for the skin barrier and atopic dermatitis. Another filaggrin-like protein, filaggrin 2, has been described. We evaluated antibodies against both filaggrins in normal and atopic skin biopsies from dogs before and after allergen challenges (D0, D1, D3 and D10).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJanus kinase (JAK) pathways have emerged as targets of treatment, yet localization and expression of JAK1 and JAK3 in canine atopic skin have not been studied. This study aimed to compare the localization and expression of JAK1 and JAK3 in the skin of atopic dogs before and after allergen exposure. Skin biopsies taken from atopic beagles sensitized to house dust mites (HDM) before (D0) and after four weeks (D28) of allergen exposure were stained.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIncreased antimicrobial resistance highlights the need for alternatives to antibiotics. Bacteriophages, which are benign viruses that kill bacteria, are promising. We studied the efficacy of topical bacteriophages for treating equine staphylococcal superficial pyodermas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Preliminary evidence supports a role for IL-31 in equine insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) and pruritus. Our studies investigated IL-31 and IL-31 receptor-α (IL-31RA) transcription in leukocytes from normal and IBH horses in response to Culicoides nubeculosus.
Animals: 19 normal and 15 IBH horses were recruited in the summer of 2019 (low-dose study) and 8 normal and 10 IBH horses in the winter of 2022 to 2023 (high-dose study).
Skin diseases are one of the most common problems seen in veterinary practices around the world. Many patients are presented with severe and/or chronic lesions, often refractory to treatment, and collection of skin biopsies is often beneficial to obtain or confirm a diagnosis and to help guide a management plan for patients. To obtain valuable information from skin biopsies, practitioners should follow recommended guidelines based on drug withdrawal and washout period, identification, and proper collection of skin lesions, which should be at different stages of progression, as well as include a thorough clinical history and differential list.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOclacitinib was approved in the United States 10 years ago for the management of atopic dermatitis (AD) and allergic skin disease in dogs. Many studies and case reports have been published in the past 10 years on the efficacy and safety of this medication, both at labeled doses to treat allergic dogs and off label to treat other diseases and given to other species. Concerns and confusion have occurred for both clinicians and owners regarding the long-term safety of this drug.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrevious studies documented antibiotic resistance in horses but did not focus on skin specifically. We investigated antibiotic resistance and correlations between resistance patterns in skin infections. Records from 2009 to 2019 were searched for infection and susceptibility results.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSkin barrier dysfunction is important in atopic dermatitis and can be secondary to inflammation. Observation of keratinocytes in culture may show intrinsic differences. TransEpithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) measures epithelial permeability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCanine progenitor epidermal keratinocytes (CPEK) are used as canine keratinocyte cell line. Their suitability for skin barrier studies is unknown. Measurement of transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) evaluates epithelial permeability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCanine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is chronic and frequently complicated by Staphylococcal infections. Understanding the role of allergen dose, frequency and duration of exposure in triggering infections requires a model. Most models elicit acute inflammation and do not mimic real-life disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis prospective, 4-week, placebo-controlled, cross-over study aimed to investigate the efficacy of 1% topical κ-opioid agonist, asimadoline, in a model of canine atopic dermatitis (AD). Fourteen beagles were challenged with house dust mites every 3-4 days for a total of 9 challenges. Severity of dermatitis was assessed, and pruritus was monitored using GoPro HERO cameras.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAtopic dermatitis is a clinical syndrome that affects both people and animals. Dogs closely mimic the complexity of the human skin disease, and much progress has been made in recent years in terms of our understanding of the role of skin impairment and the identification of new treatments. Cats and horses also develop atopic syndromes which include both cutaneous and respiratory signs, yet studies in these species are lagging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCanine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a genetically inherited clinical syndrome that encompasses a diversity of mechanisms and can have a variety of triggers. Development of clinical disease is the result of genetic factors and environmental conditions, which shape the resulting immunological response. Clinical disease becomes evident once a threshold of inflammatory response is achieved.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: No study has directly compared the various treatment options for canine atopic dermatitis and their effects on skin barrier.
Hypothesis/objectives: To compare prednisone, oclacitinib, ciclosporin and lokivetmab treatment of atopic dermatitis.
Animals: Nineteen atopic beagle dogs.
Canine atopic dermatitis (AD) is a very common inflammatory skin disease, but limited data are available on the genetic characterization (somatic mutations, microarrays, and genome-wide association study (GWAS)) of skin lesions in affected dogs. microRNAs are good biomarkers in inflammatory and neoplastic diseases in people. The aim of this study was to evaluate microRNA expression in the skin of atopic beagles, before and after exposure to Dermatophagoides farinae.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Skin barrier dysfunction plays a key role in atopic dermatitis (AD). This impairment is related to altered composition and metabolism of epidermal sphingolipids and a deficiency of ceramides. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and especially hyaluronic acid, could be useful in the management of AD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe endocannabinoid system is important for skin homeostasis and alterations are linked to inflammatory diseases like atopic dermatitis (AD). Importantly, activation of cannabinoid receptor CB2 decreases pruritus and inflammation in mouse models. Reduction of inactivation of endogenous cannabinoids could, therefore, be a therapeutic option for AD.
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