Protocol for a randomized controlled trial of the Enhanced Smoking Cessation Approach to Promote Empowerment (ESCAPE) digitalized intervention to promote lung health in high-risk individuals who smoke.

Low dose computed tomography (LDCT) is an effective screening test to decrease lung cancer deaths. Lung cancer screening may be a teachable moment helping people who smoke to quit, which may result in increased benefit of screening. Innovative strategies are needed to engage high-risk individuals in learning about LDCT screening.

The Intersectionality of HIV-Related Stigma and Tobacco Smoking Stigma With Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms Among Women Living With HIV in the United States: A Cross-sectional Study.

This study examined the intersectionality of HIV-related stigma, tobacco smoking stigma, and mental health among women living with HIV who were daily smokers. This secondary analysis used baseline data from 2 pilot smoking cessation studies. Participants received either an HIV-tailored or an attention-control intervention focused on smoking cessation as an outcome.

On-treatment serum albumin level can guide long-term treatment in patients with cirrhosis and uncomplicated ascites.

Background & Aims: The ANSWER study reported that long-term albumin administration in patients with cirrhosis and uncomplicated ascites improves survival. During treatment, serum albumin increased within a month and remained stable thereafter. In this post hoc analysis, we aimed to determine whether on-treatment serum albumin levels could guide therapy.

Factors Associated with Treatment Uptake Among Women with Acetic Acid/Lugol's Iodine Positive Lesions of the Cervix in Cameroon.

Purpose: Treatment of cervical precancer is the primary aim in secondary prevention of cervical cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with treatment uptake among women with acetic acid/Lugol's iodine positive lesions identified by digital cervicography (DC) in a cervical cancer prevention program in Cameroon.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of medical records from 2013 to 2018 of 755 women in Cameroon who screened positive with acetic acid/Lugol's iodine in 2013.

Prediction of Smoking Abstinence in Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.

Background: This study examined whether baseline negative emotional states (depression and anxiety) would predict craving for cigarettes and other nicotine withdrawal symptoms in early abstinence and whether those emotional states and withdrawal symptoms would predict failure in quitting smoking at 3 months postquit among U.S. women living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Barriers and facilitators of follow-up among women with precancerous lesions of the cervix in Cameroon: a qualitative pilot study.

Purpose: This pilot study explores the barriers to adherence to follow-up among women with cervical precancer in urban Cameroon. While follow-up of women with a positive screening of cervical precancer is the most important aspect of cervical cancer secondary prevention, women with cervical precancer do not adhere frequently to recommended follow-up schedule in Cameroon. The aim of the study was to explore and describe the barriers and facilitators to follow-up for cervical precancer among women infected and uninfected with HIV in Cameroon.

Revisiting Successful Aging With HIV Through a Revised Biopsychosocial Model: An Update of the Literature.

The concept of successful aging was recognized only recently by HIV researchers because people living with HIV (PLWH) in the early epidemic were not expected to survive. With the introduction of antiretrovirals that block viral replication, PLWH are now aging with HIV. Given the complex nature of HIV within the social, economic, and political climates in which it occurs, a holistic model of successful aging is needed to guide researchers and clinicians.

A randomized controlled pilot trial of a smoking cessation intervention for US women living with HIV: telephone-based video call vs voice call.

Background: People living with HIV smoke at a rate three times that of the general population. This randomized controlled pilot trial tested the feasibility and acceptability of a video-call smoking cessation intervention in women living with HIV and its preliminary efficacy compared with a voice-call smoking cessation intervention. The study focused on women due to a paucity of studies among this population, and women are less likely than men to quit smoking when provided with conventional treatment.

Covert incivility: Challenges as a challenge in the nursing academic workplace.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present a Neuman Systems Model-guided discussion of current knowledge associated with covert incivility in the nursing academic workplace.

Organizing Structure: The Neuman Systems Model provides a multiple discipline, systems perspective of the stressor covert incivility and levels of prevention interventions to counter it.

Findings: Covert incivility is defined as a stressor that affects individual, group, community, and social systems' intrapersonal, interpersonal, and extrapersonal levels of function.

Long-term albumin administration in decompensated cirrhosis (ANSWER): an open-label randomised trial.

Background: Evidence is scarce on the efficacy of long-term human albumin (HA) administration in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. The human Albumin for the treatmeNt of aScites in patients With hEpatic ciRrhosis (ANSWER) study was designed to clarify this issue.

Methods: We did an investigator-initiated multicentre randomised, parallel, open-label, pragmatic trial in 33 academic and non-academic Italian hospitals.

Knowledge and Attitudes toward HIV, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Health-care Workers in Malawi.

Objective: The highest prevalence of HIV infection occurs in Sub-Saharan Africa and hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence are the second highest in Sub-Saharan Africa including Malawi. Health-care workers (HCWs) play an important role in the prevention of, response to, and management of these infectious diseases. There is, however, no published research about the level of knowledge and attitudes toward HIV, HBV, and HCV infection among Malawian HCWs.

Ageism, Aging and HIV: Community Responses to Prevention, Treatment, Care and Support.

Ageism, in the form of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination targeting older adults, represents a barrier to addressing the graying of the HIV epidemic. There is widespread misperception on the part of older adults themselves, as well as service providers and society in general that HIV risk is low as one ages. In addition, internalized ageism may play a role in poorer physical and mental health outcomes, as the negative stereotypes associated with aging become a self-fulfilling prophecy.

The Relevance of Palliative Care in HIV and Aging.

The connection between palliative care and HIV infection has deep and wide roots in the United States that go back to the time when many gay men in the early 1980s were dying from a disease we knew little about, and there was no way to help but to alleviate symptoms in hospice and end of life centers across the United States. More individuals (adults and children), families, and communities attribute the success of antiretroviral therapies and other therapeutic approaches to advancing quality of life and life itself today. The identity of HIV, like many 'life-threatening illness with no cure' has evolved as a 'chronic' condition with a longer time period to address physical, social, and emotional experiences that may concern those living with HIV infection.

Boceprevir or telaprevir in hepatitis C virus chronic infection: The Italian real life experience.

Aim: To check the safety and efficacy of boceprevir/telaprevir with peginterferon/ribavirin for hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 in the real-world settings.

Methods: This study was a non-randomized, observational, prospective, multicenter. This study involved 47 centers in Italy.

"What Will Become of Me if They Take This Away?" Zimbabwean Women's Perceptions of "Free" ART.

The evolution of antiretroviral therapies (ART) has redefined HIV infection from a life-threatening disease to a chronic manageable condition. Despite ART, HIV infection remains a serious health burden in Zimbabwe, particularly among women of reproductive age. In this interpretive phenomenology study, we interviewed 17 women with advanced HIV infection to uncover and understand their experiences of living with HIV infection in the ART era.

Storytelling/narrative theory to address health communication with minority populations.

Purpose: To explain the development and application of storytelling/narrative theory in health disparities intervention research as a way to promote health communication and behavior change among racial, ethnic, and minority populations.

Findings: The proposed storytelling theory helps explain that storytelling affects changes in attitude and health behavior of the viewer through realism, identification, and transportation.

Conclusions: The proposed storytelling/narrative theory can be a guide to develop culturally grounded narrative interventions that have the ability to connect with hard-to-reach populations.

To Tell or Not to Tell.

The underreporting of rape is well known; however, there is less information on women who fail to disclose to anyone. This online study suggests that 24% of 242 women who were non-disclosing compared with those who had disclosed were significantly less likely to seek treatment for emotional injuries. Also, almost two thirds of non-disclosing women believed the abuse was their fault versus 39.

HIV Prevention, Stigma, and Care in Ho Chi Minh City and Da Lat Vietnam.

Purpose: A four-week interdisciplinary student/faculty research project in Vietnam served as a focused experience in understanding Vietnamese healthcare structures, functions, outcomes.

Design: Testing the validity and feasibility of a successful US HIV intervention program called Women's Voices Women's Lives© using group and individual interviews.

Findings: Healthcare inequities and poverty were found to paralyze individual, family, and community mobilization in HIV testing while stigma is a key barrier to both testing and care seeking.

To Tell or Not to Tell.

The underreporting of rape is well known; however, there is less information on women who fail to disclose to anyone. This online study suggests that 24% of 242 women who were non-disclosing compared with those who had disclosed were significantly less likely to seek treatment for emotional injuries. Also, almost two thirds of non-disclosing women believed that the abuse was their fault versus 39.

A synthesis of the theory of silencing the self and the social ecological model: understanding gender, race, and depression in African American women living with HIV infection.

The challenges that face African American women living with HIV are immense. African American women continue to be disproportionately infected and affected by this chronic and life-threatening infection in a complex context of individual experience, interactions with the environment, formal and informal support systems, and cultural belief systems. This article identifies the Theory of Silencing the Self (STS) and a widely known model, the Social Ecological Model (SEM), as a synthesized explanatory framework in helping nurses understand how to address research questions and clinical care that is congruent with the experience of African American women living with HIV infection.

Recognizing global disparities in health and in health transitions in the 21st century: what can nurses do?

Purpose: To examine changes in patterns of health and disease in global context between rich countries (USA, Korea, South Africa) and poor countries (Cambodia, Malawi) by using the framework of epidemiology theory developed by Orman (1971, 2005), and to raise awareness of global health disparities thereby prompting actions to reduce such disparities.

Findings: 1) Life expectancy has increased across all selected countries except South Africa; 2) Korea and the USA have substantially lower mortality rates than other countries; 3) Infant and maternal mortality are still high in the poor countries; 4) The major cause of mortality in the poor countries is still communicable disease with evidence of the onset of non-communicable disease; and 5) The health transition theory provides a description and explanation of the differences in progress in economic development between countries but fails to explain differences in health status within and between countries.

Conclusions: Life expectancy and mortality are enormously different among the five selected countries.

The context and experience of becoming HIV infected for Zimbabwean women: unheard voices revealed.

Zimbabwean women are at high risk for HIV infection but often are not the focus of inquiry unless they are participants in controlled trials. In this phenomenological study, we interviewed 17 women living with advanced HIV infection to better understand their experiences and the aftermath of being diagnosed with HIV. Open-ended interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, translated into English, and analyzed.