Mitochondrial quality control: Biochemical mechanism of cardiovascular disease.

Mitochondria play a key role in the regulation of energy homeostasis and ATP production in cardiac cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction can trigger several pathological events that contribute to the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. These mechanisms include the induction of oxidative stress, dysregulation of intracellular calcium cycling, activation of the apoptotic pathway, and alteration of lipid metabolism.

Sensory Characteristics and Impact of Flavanol-Rich Grape and Blueberry Extract on Blood Flow Velocity and Oxidative Stress.

Background: Several epidemiological studies and intervention trials have demonstrated that grapes and blueberries, which are rich in flavanols, can lower the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanisms of action of these compounds remain unclear due to their low bioavailability.

Objective: This study aimed to characterize the sensory properties, blood flow velocity, and oxidative stress of a polyphenol rich grape and blueberry extract (PEGB) containing approximately 16% flavanols (11% monomers and 4% dimers).

Molecular Mechanism of Action of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals on the Respiratory System.

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a growing health hazard for humankind and respiratory health in particular. Such chemical compounds are present in the environment and food and may interfere with physiological processes through interference with functions of the endocrine system, making humans more susceptible to various types of diseases. This review aims to discuss the effects of EDCs on the respiratory system.

Change in Nfkb/Nrf2/Bax Levels by High Monomeric Polyphenols Berries Extract (HMPBE) in Acute and Chronic Secondary Brain Damage.

Background/aims: High Monomeric Polyphenols Berries Extract (HMPBE) is a formula highly rich in polyphenols clinically proven to enhance learning and memory. It is currently used to enhances cognitive performance including accuracy, working memory and concentration.

Methods: Here, we investigated for the first time the beneficial effects of HMPBE in a mouse model of acute and chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Assessing carnosinase 1 activity for diagnosing congenital disorders of glycosylation.

Diagnosing Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) is challenging due to clinical heterogeneity and the limited sensitivity of the classic serum transferrin isoelectric focusing (IEF) or capillary zone electrophoresis test. This study investigates the potential of using the glycoprotein carnosinase 1 (CN1) activity as a diagnostic marker for CDG patients. CN1 activity was measured photometrically in serum from 81 genetically confirmed CDG patients and healthy individuals.

Impaired mitochondrial quality control in fibromyalgia: Mechanisms involved in skeletal muscle alteration.

Fibromyalgia (FMS) is a persistent syndrome marked by widespread musculoskeletal pain and behavioural symptoms. Given the hypothesis linking FMS aetiology to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, we examined the biochemical correlation among these factors by studying specific proteins associated with mitochondrial homeostasis in muscle. Additionally, this study investigated the role of Boswellia serrata gum resin extract (BS), known for its various functions, including the potent induction of antioxidant enzymes, in determining protective or reparative mechanisms in the muscle cells.

Enviromental endocrine disruptor risks in the central nervous system: Neurotoxic effects of PFOS and glyphosate.

Endocrine disruptors (EDs) pose significant risks to human and environmental health, with potential implications for neurotoxicity. This study investigates the synergistic neurotoxic effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and glyphosate (GLY), two ubiquitous EDs, using SHSY5Y neuronal and C6 astrocytic cell lines. While individual exposures to PFOS and glyphosate at non-toxic concentrations did not induce significant changes, their combination resulted in a marked increase in oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory responses.

Role of mitochondrial dysfunction and biogenesis in fibromyalgia syndrome: Molecular mechanism in central nervous system.

A critical role for mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown in the pathogenesis of fibromyalgia. It is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by neuroinflammation and impaired oxidative balance in the central nervous system. Boswellia serrata (BS), a natural polyphenol, is a well-known able to influence the mitochondrial metabolism.

Correction: D'Amico et al. Toxic Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors Worsens Parkinson's Disease Progression through NRF2/HO-1 Alteration. 2022, , 1073.

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Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in brain of vinclozolin exposed animals.

Vinclozolin (VCZ) is a widely used fungicide in agriculture, especially in fruits and wine. Various studies have detailed the effects of VCZ exposure on different organs, but no information is available on its effects on brain tissues. This paper investigated the effects of VCZ exposure on the oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in brain tissue.

Autophagy machinery plays an essential role in traumatic brain injury-induced apoptosis and its related behavioral abnormalities in mice: focus on Sacra gum resin.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is described as a structural damage or physiological disturbance of brain function that occurs after trauma and causes disability or death in people of all ages. New treatment targets for TBI are being explored because current medicines are frequently ineffectual and poorly tolerated. There is increasing evidence that following TBI, there are widespread changes in autophagy-related proteins in both experimental and clinical settings.

Uroprotective and pain-relieving effect of dietary supplementation with micronized palmitoyl-glucosamine and hesperidin in a chronic model of cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis.

Introduction: Feline idiopathic cystitis is a common, chronic-relapsing disorder of the lower urinary tract. In addition to environmental modification/enrichment, long-term and safe treatment targeting specific pathophysiological changes may be of help. In this context, effective dietary interventions hold clinical promise.