Raynaud's Phenomenon with Focus on Systemic Sclerosis.

Raynaud's phenomenon is a painful vascular condition in which abnormal vasoconstriction of the digital arteries causes blanching of the skin. The treatment approach can vary depending on the underlying cause of disease. Raynaud's phenomenon can present as a primary symptom, in which there is no evidence of underlying disease, or secondary to a range of medical conditions or therapies.

Future Treatment Options in Systemic Sclerosis-Potential Targets and Ongoing Clinical Trials.

Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune connective tissue disease characterized by vasculopathy and fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. The pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis is very complex. Mediators produced by immune cells are involved in the inflammatory processes occurring in the tissues.

BIOMARKERS OF DISEASE ACTIVITY IN SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by vasculopathy and uncontrolled cutaneous and internal organs fibrosis. Diagnosis of SSc in an early phase can be difficult because of a lack of typical symptoms. The delay in diagnosis and treatment of SSc may lead to uncontrolled progression of the disease, thus identification of possible early indicators of skin and organ involvement to prevent their further damage is necessary.

Renal Involvement in Systemic Sclerosis: An Update.

Background: Systemic sclerosis is an immune-mediated rheumatic disease characterized by vascular abnormalities, tissue fibrosis and autoimmune phenomena.

Summary: Renal disease occurring in patients with systemic sclerosis may have a variable clinicopathological picture. The most specific renal condition associated with systemic sclerosis is scleroderma renal crisis, characterized by acute onset of renal failure and severe hypertension.