Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring overweight: is there a dose-response relationship? An individual patient data meta-analysis.

Background/objectives: A number of meta-analyses suggest an association between any maternal smoking in pregnancy and offspring overweight obesity. Whether there is a dose-response relationship across number of cigarettes and whether this differs by sex remains unclear.

Subject/methods: Studies reporting number of cigarettes smoked during pregnancy and offspring BMI published up to May 2015 were searched.