Point-prevalence survey of antibiotic use at three public referral hospitals in Kenya.

Antimicrobial stewardship encourages appropriate antibiotic use, the specific activities of which will vary by institutional context. We investigated regional variation in antibiotic use by surveying three regional public hospitals in Kenya. Hospital-level data for antimicrobial stewardship activities, infection prevention and control, and laboratory diagnostic capacities were collected from hospital administrators, heads of infection prevention and control units, and laboratory directors, respectively.

Rational use of antibiotics and covariates of clinical outcomes in patients admitted to intensive care units of a tertiary hospital in Kenya.

Objectives: Rational use of antibiotics implies appropriate choice of an antibiotic administered at correct dose, frequency, and duration using the most suitable route of administration. Irrational antibiotics use is associated with antimicrobial resistance, drug failure, and high mortality in the critical care units (CCUs). This study sought to establish rational use of antibiotics and determinants of clinical outcomes of patients admitted to the CCUs at the Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH).

Evaluation of the clinical practice of aminoglycoside use in paediatric patients in Kenya: findings and implications for lower-middle income countries.

Objectives: To evaluate the practice of aminoglycoside use/monitoring in Kenya and explore healthcare worker (HCW) perceptions of aminoglycoside monitoring to identify gaps and opportunities for future improvements, given the low therapeutic index of aminoglycosides.

Methods: This was a two-phase study whereby we reviewed patients' medical records at Kenyatta National Hospital (October-December 2016) in Phase 1 and interviewed HCWs face to face in Phase 2. Outcome measures included describing and evaluating the practice of aminoglycoside use and monitoring and compliance to guidelines.